电控柴油机燃油喷射技术

柴油机电控燃油喷射系统在满足排放法规的条件下,能大大提高柴油机的燃油经济性和动力性。柴油机电控燃油喷射系统是在传统燃油喷射系统基础上发展起来的,由位置控制和时间控制两种主要形式构成。柴油机高压燃油共轨技术被公认为20世纪3大突破之一,将成为21世纪柴油机燃油系统的主流。分析柴油机电控燃油喷射系统的优点、类型及应用,着重介绍柴油机电控燃油喷射系统的控制原理。     

柴油机电喷系统中高速电磁铁特性计算

介绍了柴油机电喷系统中高速电磁铁特性的计算模型。建模时除考虑漏磁通外,还计算了铁芯涡流的影响。经由试验结果验证以后,将模型应用于一种M490F平板型推/拉式高速电磁铁特性计算,计算结果表明,除非铁芯涡流归算电阻远远大于线圈电阻,否则由其引起的电磁铁触动时间延长值较大,为取得好的控制结果,其影响不可忽略。     

电控可调涡轮增压天然气发动机开发

将一台CA488汽油机改造为电控可调涡轮增压天然气发动机。该发动机采用了电控多点燃气顺序喷射技术、电控高能点火技术、可调喷嘴涡轮增压技术及中冷技术。试验研究表明，采用可调喷嘴涡轮增压技术可提高发动机的进气量，优化增压器在全工况范围内与发动机的匹配，大幅度提高发动机的动力性与经济性：增压后天然气发动机的最大功率与原汽油机相当，低速转矩特性明显改善，同时发动机使用经济性也得到提高。     

车用大功率柴油机电控喷油系统的开发研究

以车用 6V1 5 0柴油机原有的机械控制喷油系统为基础 ,开发电控喷油系统 ,实现了对喷油量的电子控制。采用高速开关型数字电磁阀作为电液执行器的电液转换元件 ;采用 MC68HC1 1 E2单片机作为电控单元的核心 ;在喷油泵供油齿杆位置闭环控制的基础上 ,实现柴油机转速闭环控制 ;开发了实验监控系统 ,以满足电控喷油系统与柴油机匹配的需要。进行了电控喷油系统与6V1 5 0柴油机的匹配实验 ,取得了较好的效果     

流动注射化学发光法监测环境水中的亚硝酸盐

研究发现 ,酸性亚硝酸根与碱性鲁米诺反应产生很强的化学发光 ,从而建立了亚硝酸根在线分析化学发光新方法 .此法测定亚硝酸根的线性范围为 3.3× 10 -3 ～ 3.3μg/mL ,标准曲线是I=72 9.0 9c+36 .3(n =13,R2=0 .993) ,相对标准偏差为 1.0 3% (0 .17μg/mL亚硝酸根 ,n =11)和 4 .38% (0 .0 17μg/mL亚硝酸根 ,n =11) ,检出限为 1.6× 10 -3 μg/mL .将此法运用于环境水体中亚硝酸根的监测 ,具有灵敏度高、线性范围宽和不产生二次污染的优点     

Experimental investigation of characteristics of pressure modulation in a fuel injection system

A piezoelectric atomization device achieves fuel pressure modulation through vibration of a piezoelectric pressure modulator. As a consequence, the fast alternating and slow moving streams collide with each other and further break up the fuel drop. In this paper, an experimental investigation was carried out to study the fluid dynamic characteristics of the spray atomization process of automotive port fuel injectors with a piezoelectric pressure modulator. The investigation mainly focuses on: (a) the coupling characteristics between the piezoelectric stack and the hydraulic as well as the transfer characteristics of pressure modulation from the piezoelectric modulator to the point above the orifice; (b) the time history of the pressure dynamic response at the point above the orifice under a typical modulation frequency, which reflects the variation of pressure modulation while the fuel injector is working; and (c) the time-variation characteristics related to mechanical structure and fluid dynamics. The experimental results expose some important dynamic characteristics of pressure modulation, which will be very significant and lead us to greatly improve the fuel injection system, optimize the control parameters and implement spray atomization with a high quality performance in the near future.     

Effects of mixture stratification on HCCI combustion of DME in a rapid compression and expansion machine

Compression ignition of homogeneous charges in internal combustion (IC) engines is expected to offer high efficiency of DI diesel engines without high levels of NOx and particulate emissions. This study is intended to find ways of extending the rich limit of HCCI operation, one of the problems yet to be overcome. Exhaust emissions characteristics are also explored through analyses of the combustion products. DME fuel, either mixed with air before induction or directly injected into the combustion chamber of a rapid compression and expansion machine, is compressed to ignite under various conditions of compression ratio, equivalence ratio, and injection timing. The characteristics of the resulting combustion and exhaust emissions are discussed in terms of the rate of heat release computed from the measured pressure, and the concentrations of THC, CO, and NOx are measured by FT-IR and CLD. The experimental data to date show that operation without knock is possible with mixtures of higher equivalence ratio when DME is directly injected rather than when it is inducted in the form of a perfectly homogeneous fuel-air mixture. Although fuel injected early in the compression stroke promotes homogeneity of the DME-air mixture in the cylinder, it causes the mixture to ignite too early to secure good thermal efficiency and knock-free operation at high loads. Low temperature reactions occur at about 660K regardless of the fueling methods, fuel injection timing and equivalence ratio. The main components of hydrocarbon emissions turned out to be unburned fuel (DME), formaldehyde and methane.     

桩端压力注浆桩的施工技术

桩端压力注浆桩主要是通过向桩底及桩端周围注入浆液,加固桩底及桩端周围的土体,形成一个具有高于原土层承载力的扩大头,从而提高桩的承载力。     

柴油机电控技术展望

本文简述了柴油机燃油喷射系统采用电控化必要性,介绍了该技术的国内外现状及其发展趋势。     

自然通气降低导管螺旋桨空泡噪声试验和理论分析

我们已在文献中报导了通过导管24个周向分布径向孔,向螺旋桨叶梢部位人工低压充气(进口压力为2～3个大气压),可降低导管螺旋桨噪声达20分贝左右,当螺旋桨背面出现泡状空泡的强噪声源时,降低空泡噪声效果尤为显著,可高达30分贝左右。 本文继续研究,利用螺旋桨盘面上部的负压,采用自然通气,在导管上开一个孔、四个孔、八个孔向螺旋桨叶梢部位小气量通气降噪的试验和理论分析。试验证实:自然小气量通气在频率2～40千赫范围内可降低螺旋桨空泡噪声约4～12分贝左右。并从理论上分析了自然小气量通气后,可使空泡崩溃延缓;降低崩溃速度;降低辐射声能和声压;延长崩溃时间;结果可降低空泡噪声最高达15分贝左右,这与试验结果相当一致。虽然降噪幅度不及人工低压充气的降噪幅度大,但自然通气的最大优点是无需外加气源,因此更具有实用价值。试验还证实了不论是人工低压充气还是自然通气,不仅是降噪的非常有效的措施,而且也是抗剥蚀、减振的有力措施。