沥青下面层施工指标检测及可靠度分析

为了考证沥青面层实际施工控制指标是否符合设计要求,以下面层为例,对两条施工后的高速公路沥青路面进行钻芯取样,通过试验得到了下面层材料的实际压实度、油石比、空隙率、矿料级配等控制指标,并对各指标的可靠度进行了分析.研究结果表明,实际施工控制指标与设计要求之间存在较大差异,各指标施工可靠度均偏低,且大多低于0.5;压实度可靠度与油石比、空隙率和矿料级配的可靠度之间无明显正关联,仅采用压实度作为沥青混合料施工过程质量控制和交工验收评定指标,存在局限性.     

LY温拌剂对沥青混合料性能影响研究

LY温拌剂是一种使用多种废旧材料复合而成的温拌添加剂。通过对LY温拌沥青混合料和热拌沥青混合料的性能测试及比较,结果表明：添加该温拌剂对沥青混合料的性能提升效果明显,优于对应热拌沥青混合料。     

体积指标测试进展及其对沥青混合料性能影响分析

沥青混合料的空隙率、矿料间隙率、沥青饱和度是沥青混合料的三大体积指标,它们直接影响到沥青混合料的使用性能。通过文献综述和工程实践数据论述了沥青混合料体积指标的测试进展及其对沥青混合料使用性能的影响,并通过对广东省某高速公路Superpave混合料的设计,分析了体积指标内在的关系及影响因素。     

考虑损伤下的汽车吸能盒轴向压缩特性研究

用有限元软件ABAQUS对钢质、铝合金质吸能盒的吸能特性进行对比研究,采用不同的损伤模型模拟材料的变形行为,比较了两种吸能盒轴向压缩距离、变形模式、评价指标的变化特性。结果表明,数值模拟下吸能盒的轴向压缩距离和变形模式与试验结果吻合。在冲击速度为10 m/s的低速碰撞下,铝合金质吸能盒吸收的能量与钢质吸能盒相比减少了6%;钢质吸能盒的吸能效率为35.5 kJ/mm,比铝合金质吸能盒高。铝合金质吸能盒相较于钢质吸能盒在压缩过程中形成了明显的折叠褶皱,边缘处材料失效,单元被移除。吸能盒的评价指标中铝合金质吸能盒的比吸能 （SEA）、峰值碰撞力 （PCF） 均比钢质吸能盒更优,钢质吸能盒的吸能量 （EA）、平均碰撞力 （MCF） 比铝合金质吸能盒更优。铝合金相比钢更适合作为中低速碰撞时车用吸能盒的材料。     

小城镇交通系统特征分析及其在公共交通规划中的应用研究

在众多小城镇分类标准中,对小城镇的概念及定义做了明确界定,分析了小城镇的几个重要特征,即社会经济水平、土地利用特征、居民出行特征、公交需求特征和供给特征。采集了一些典型小城镇的交通特征指标,并就这些特征指标值和大中城市做了相应对比,明确了小城镇概念及其交通系统特性。重点关注目前我国小城镇公交发展的实际情况,结合小城镇公交运行的实际情况,给出小城镇公交线网规划指标的推荐数值。     

Indicators for Evaluating the Impact of Artificial Islands on the Barcelona Coast

Artificial islands have been constructed next to large cities due to the need for extra space in highly populated areas. These emerged structures have been used by many countries as platforms for developing infrastructure (airports, harbors, highways, etc.), rebuilding ecological areas, and creating new spaces for tourism or residential areas. In this study, two state-of-the-art numerical models for wave propagation and nearshore circulation are used to simulate the effects of an emerged artificial island on the Barcelona coast. Several sea indicators (wave height, intensity and direction of currents, and mean water level) are analyzed to assess the changes likely to be induced by an artificial island. Three different situations are studied and the indicators are compared across the different tests to obtain information that can be used in the planning process of these structures. In two-meter wave conditions, the tests show that wave height is generally reduced in the sheltered area, which leads to improved safety for beach users (bathing is prohibited when wave height exceeds the two-meter threshold). However, the numerical models also reveal that velocities in the sheltered area usually decrease, which must be controlled to prevent stagnation in the bathing area.     

雷达抗干扰性能评估方法研究

雷达抗干扰效果评估是雷达作战效能评估的一个重要环节。文章通过对现有雷达抗干扰技术和战术性能指标的深入分析,以及雷达抗干扰效能评估方法研究,建立了评定雷达抗有源压制性干扰的模型,并给出了雷达抗干扰效果评估的方法和步骤。     

Development of a Human Use Objectives Framework for Integrated Management of the Eastern Scotian Shelf

Under the 1997 Oceans Act, Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO) is required to lead and facilitate the development of integrated management plans for Canada's oceans. One of the integrated management projects is the Eastern Scotian Shelf Integrated Management Initiative (ESSIM), through which DFO is working with a range of stakeholders to develop and implement an integrated ocean management plan for the eastern Scotian Shelf. As part of this Initiative, DFO has undertaken a program to develop a set of objectives and related indicators for ocean management. This includes the development of a framework, objectives, and indicators for human use of the resource including the social, economic, and institutional (governance) components of ocean management, areas that have received little attention internationally. This article provides some background to ESSIM and human uses of the resources of the eastern Scotian Shelf; briefly reviews objectives-based management and human use objectives internationally; outlines the process undertaken to develop the Human Use Objectives Framework; presents the resultant objectives and indicators that were developed; and highlights some of the lessons learned and challenges for their implementation.     

基于智能手机图像采集方法的沥青路面表面离析评价指标优选

为优选沥青路面表面离析评价指标,室内成型了3种不同级配类型的沥青混合料车辙板试件;采用智能手机,提出了一种图像采集方法,获取了沥青混合料表面图像;基于盒子分形维数和多重分形谱算法计算试件表面二值图像的分形维数和多重分形谱指标,依托Image-Pro Plus图像处理软件提取二值图像凹形分布百分数和宏观构造宽度指标,采用室内铺砂法测试表面构造深度,计算平均构造深度来评价沥青混合料表面离析;分析了不同级配组成沥青混合料表面凹形区域分布特征,研究了沥青混合料表面离析评价指标间灰关联熵。研究结果表明：基于智能手机来获取二值图像的可靠性分析误差率不超过3%,说明基于智能手机获取试件表面图像方法具有较高可重复性;沥青混合料表面凹形构造具有显著分形特征,集料颗粒粒径越大,表面构造分形越复杂;基于图像处理方法的沥青路面表面离析评价指标与平均构造深度指标间存在线性相关性,但相关程度不一;同一级配沥青混合料表面分形特征指标计算误差范围较大,而凹形分布百分数指标误差范围最小,仅为±1.89%,且其与平均构造深度指标的熵关联度最高,为0.996 2,其次分别是多重分形谱、分型维数和宏观构造宽度指标;综合考虑推荐沥青混合料表面凹形分布百分数可作为可靠的表面离析评价指标。     

Transition to a cyclable city: Latent variables affecting bicycle commuting

An understanding of the key factors influencing bicycle commuting is essential for developing effective policies towards a cyclable city. This paper contributes to this line of research by proposing a methodology for including cycling-related indicators in mobility surveys based on the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB), and applying an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) to evaluate the structure of latent variables associated with bicycle commuting. The EFA identified six cycling latent variables: Lifestyle, Safety and comfort, Awareness, Direct disadvantages, Subjective norm, and Individual capabilities. These were complemented with a latent variable related to habit: Non-commuting cycling habit. Statistical differences and regression analysis were applied with the cycling latent variables. The study also includes the relationship between objective factors and bicycle commuting, which reveals minor associations. This methodology was applied to the “starter cycling city” of Vitoria-Gasteiz (Spain). The results confirm that in this context – in transition to a cyclable city – safety and comfort issues are not the main barriers for all commuters, although more progress needs to be made to normalise cycling. A set of customised policy initiatives is recommended in the light of the research findings, including marketing campaigns to encourage non-commuting cycling trips, bicycle measures to target social groups as opposed to individuals, bicycle-specific programs such as “Bike-to-work Days”, and cycling courses.