采用不同车轮耦合方式的轮对纵向振动分析

针对传统轮对、独立旋转车轮及弹性阻尼耦合轮对,利用Matlab编制了仿真程序,采用卡尔克简化理论FASTSIM分析了不同模式轮轨系统的纵向振动特性。认为不同模式轮轨系统的纵向振动情况的不同是由其左、右轮的不同耦合方式引起的。     

轮轨接触点的在线连续测量

车辆运行过程中,由于车轮旋转的影响,轮轨作用点位置的测量非常困难。在线测量作用点的轮轨位置对脱轨机理和机车车辆性能的研究有十分重要的意义。在常规测力轮对的基础上,通过增加1个电桥感应作用点位置的变化。对电桥的输出进行傅立叶级数分析,建立作用点位置与电桥输出的非线性方程组。针对非线性方程组难以实时求解的问题,采用神经网络拟合轮轨作用力位置变化与电桥输出间复杂的非线性映射关系,用不同作用点位置下各种横、垂向力的组合对神经网络进行训练,以达到求解非线性方程组、得到作用点位置的目的。实验结果表明,可以较为准确地检测轮轨力作用点的位置,而且预测能力也令人满意。     

基于传递矩阵法的轮对固有频率计算方法

应用传递矩阵法分析机车车辆轮对的固有频率,根据轮对的结构特点,将车轮和轴箱简化为集中质量和转动惯量,车轴简化为包含集中质量和转动惯量的变截面Timoshenko梁,建立轮对振动的传递矩阵,用Newton-Raphson方法求解频率方程,得到轮对的固有频率值。在轮对设计阶段,对其自振频率进行计算,分析其对轮对本身应力状态、机车车辆系统和轨道系统振动动态特性的影响。该方法与有限元方法计算的轮对固有频率的相对误差小于10%,具有较高的计算精度,满足工程设计的需要。     

轮轨力连续测试系统设计

根据轮轨力作用下钢轨的受力特点，设计了采用测力钢轨的轮轨力连续测试系统，并通过仿真确定了垂向和横向轮轨力耦合作用下轮轨力计算方程式和相关因数．通过在试验线上的测试，表明该系统可同时连续测出垂向和横向轮轨力．     

Analysis of steering performance of differential coupling wheelset

In order to improve the curving performance of the conventional wheelset in sharp curves and resolve the steering ability problem of the independently rotating wheel in large radius curves and tangent lines, a differential cou- pling wheelset （DCW） was developed in this work. The DCW was composed of two independently rotating wheels （IRWs） coupled by a clutch-type limited slip differential. The differential contains a static pre-stress clutch, which could lock both sides of IRWs of the DCW to ensure a good steering performance in curves with large radius and tangent track. In contrast, the clutch could unlock the two IRWs of the DCW in a sharp curve to endue it with the characteristic of an IRW, so that the vehicles can go through the tight curve smoothly. To study the dynamic performance of the DCW, a multi-body dynamic model of single bogie with DCWs was established. The self-centering capability, hunting stability, and self-steering performance on a curved track were analyzed and then compared with those of the conventional wheelset and IRW. Finally, the effect of coupling parameters of the DCW on the dynamic performance was investigated.     

单轮对纵向动力学数值分析

轮对的纵向振动会影响机车车辆动力学性能,而且是轮轨非正常磨耗的一个重要因素。但是机车车辆动力学研究中,对轮对的纵向动力学特点的研究往往被忽略。文章建立了一个包括x方向的运动、轮对的摇头、点头扰动和轮对的横移的4自由度单轮对计算模型,并对该模型进行数值仿真,研究其纵向振动现象。最后讨论了系统参数对纵向动力学行为的影响,认为一系纵向刚度、轴重和黏着系数对纵向振动影响很大。     

单轮对耦合径向转向架曲线通过性能的研究

建立了单轮对耦合型径向转向架的线性稳态曲线通过解析分析模型和非线性动态曲线通过数值仿真模型,研制了计算机列车动力学仿真软件,分析了这种转向架的曲线导向机理,获得了关键参数的最佳参数点,并分析了关键参数对转向架曲线通过性能的影响。     

轮径差对车辆动态曲线通过的影响

主要分析了轮径差对动态曲线通过的影响,并利用相关的动力学软件对其进行了仿真计算分析,理论推断出了不同种类的轮径差对动态曲线通过的影响规律。轮径差包括等值同相轮径差、等值反相轮径差、前轮对轮径差和后轮对轮径差。仿真结果表明:等值同相轮径差会影响铁道车辆的动态曲线通过性,轮径差越大影响越明显;等值反相轮径差和前轮对轮径差则是随着轮径差的增大反而有利于铁道车辆的动态曲线通过性;而后轮对轮径差对动态曲线通过的影响不明显,仿真出来的横向力和脱轨系数曲线的规律基本是一致的。     

High frequency railway vehicle-track dynamics through flexible rotating wheelsets

Some railway problems, such as the corrugation of rails or the impact caused by a wheelflat, are associated with a vehicle–track coupled dynamic phenomenon. Models for the analysis of these problems must account for the structural vibrations of the track components (rails and sleepers), but the most adequate approach for the wheelset has not been sufficiently investigated until present. The wheelset can be considered as an undeformable solid, as an elastic structure where the rotation effects are neglected, or as a rotating flexible solid. In order to fill this gap, this article presents a methodology to use the structural vibrations of a rotating wheelset in high-frequency railway dynamics analyses. The model makes use of Eulerian modal coordinates, a formulation that provides very low computational cost. The method is applied in this article to a wheelflat impact calculation and a vehicle running on a corrugated track. The results show the importance of the more realistic model in the simulations, mainly in certain frequencies.     

直线电机车辆轮对镟修模式的优化

直线电机车辆轮对按照现有的镟修模式效率其非常低,完成一列车的镟修任务需要5 d。实行新的轮对镟修模式后,可以实现两天完成一列车的镟修任务,大大提高了轮对镟修效率,并能保证轮对按照最佳的镟修周期进行镟修,同时也可以大大提高列车悬挂部件的使用寿命。