轮对安装偏角对高速铁道车辆动力学性能的影响

为了考察轮对初始安装偏角对高速铁道车辆动力学性能的影响,本文先从理论上分析了初始安装偏角下轮对的受力情况以及安装偏角对轮对行进过程所产生的影响,并通过多刚体动力学分析软件SIMPACK建立了我国高速铁道车辆的动力学模型,分别对车辆第一位轮在不同安装偏下的直线和曲线通过情况进行了仿真研究,研究表明：第一位轮对的初始安装偏角将使车辆的第一和第二位轮对的平衡位置偏离轨道中心线,且发生反向偏转,降低行车安全性;小偏角对平稳性影响不大,但偏角超过1 mrad后将对平稳性造成较大影响;安装偏角将对车辆曲线通过性能造成一定的负面影响,且影响随偏角的增大而增大,因此对于高速列车还应尽量减小轮对的初始安装偏角,尽量将其控制在1 mrad以内。     

轻轨车辆电气耦合轮对导向控制技术

针对独立车轮自导向性能差的问题,应用改进电轴技术在轻轨车辆电机单独驱动独立车轮中,形成一种电气耦合轮对型式,以无形的电轴替代传统的机械轴,改善导向性能.从电路分析理论出发,分析了新型耦合轮对的耦合性能和影响因素,确定电气耦合轮对是一种对左右车轮转角差自动施加反馈控制的技术,且轮对耦合的强弱可通过调节电容与电阻实现,调节电容方案因能耗低而优于调节电阻方案.建立电气耦合轮对和弹性阻尼耦合轮对轻轨车辆横向动力学模型,分析了轮对的转向行为.仿真结果表明:电气耦合轮对耦合力矩最大达到近1kN·m,耦合能力强;直线上受激扰后,2种车辆的横移量与摇头角自行趋于0,通过曲线时,横移量稳定值小于8 mm,摇头角小于0.2°,因此,2种耦舍轮对车辆具有直线对中能力和曲线通过性能;通过小曲线时,电机因电气耦合而造成的最大耗能功率低于140 W,系统能耗低.     

一种变轨距轮对用轴套设计

文章针对变轨转向架运用中对轮轴的功能需求,从结构设计、技术参数及强度计算等方面介绍了一种变轨距轮对用轴套。这种轴套安装在车轮上,用于实现车轮的轴向移动和锁紧,从而实现转向架的变轨距功能。     

高速转向架轮对参数化设计与验证

为提高转向架轮对的设计效率,基于参数化设计理论,提出了一种面向性能的参数化设计方法.通过轮对结构参数与动力学、强度性能参数的关联分析,提取轮对的关键设计参数,并以此实现三维参数化自动建模,进而进行模型的动力学及强度评价,通过修改关联设计参数,以实现快速优化设计.基于此开发了高速转向架轮对参数化设计系统,并验证了所确定的设计参数的合理性及设计方法的准确性.     

客车轮对故障统计分析与改进建议

对客车轮对踏面剥离和圆周磨耗故障情况进行了分析,认为踏面制动形式的转向架其轮对故障以圆周磨耗为主,盘形制动形式的转向架其轮对故障以踏面剥离为主。     

Nonlinear dynamic behaviour of a railway wheelset

Nonlinear dynamic systems are well known to contain certain characteristic additional phenomena compared with linear systems. One example is the fact that nonlinear systems can have multiple stable solutions for one set of parameters. In that case, which one of the multiple stable solutions will be realised will depend on the initial conditions. From the domains of initial conditions which are domains of attraction, probabilities of occurrence of the stable solutions can be calculated. The described dynamical behaviour is studied in the present paper using two examples. To introduce the basic phenomena, the well-known academic Duffing oscillator with harmonic excitation is considered. Domains of attraction are shown for the two stable solutions and the probability of occurrence of the two solutions in the case of equally distributed initial conditions is calculated. The main example to be considered in this paper is the railway wheelset, which is known to show (depending on the nonlinearities in the model) a subcritical Hopf bifurcation depending on the vehicle speed. In that case a range of speeds exists, where a stable trivial solution and a stable limit cycle solution coexist in addition to an unstable limit cycle solution. Again domains of attraction of the two stable solutions are calculated and their dependence on the vehicle speed is shown. The probabilities of occurrence of the two stable solutions are calculated, where special interest is given to the probability of occurrence of the undesired limit cycle solution.     

提速货车装用不平衡轮对后对交叉杆疲劳强度影响的分析

根据对提速货车转向架在实际运用线路中装用平衡轮对和装用不平衡轮对在空车与重车的不同工况下应力测试数据,应用疲劳强度理论对转向架关键部件的疲劳强度进行计算,分析了提速货车装用不平衡轮对后对交叉杆疲劳强度的影响。     

连续测力轮对的数字试验研究

利用现车辐板轮制作连续测力轮对是当今轮轨力测量的一个趋势。然而，在试验室完成测力轮对的贴片与标定是一件十分费事的工作，而且最佳的贴片位置也不容易找到。现提出以有限元为基础的计算机仿真方法，分别对在垂向、横向载荷作用下的车轮辐板上的应变分布进行计算，并和试验结果进行比较，计算机仿真结果和试验结果吻合较好，进而分析计算不同的垂向及横向加载点对车轮辐板观测点应变的影响，寻找最佳贴片位置。这种计算方法可以大大缩短测试轮对的设计及标定周期，寻找最佳贴片位置，提高轮轨力的测试精度。     

Re-adhesion control for a railway single wheelset test rig based on the behaviour of the traction motor

A method for detecting wheel slip/slide and re-adhesion control of AC traction motors in railway applications is presented in this paper. This enables a better utilisation of available adhesion and could also reduce wheel wear by reducing high creep values. With this method, the wheel–rail (roller) creepage, creep force and friction coefficient can be indirectly detected and estimated by measuring the voltage, current and speed of the AC traction motor and using an extended Kalman filter. The re-adhesion controller is designed to regulate the motor torque command according to the maximum available adhesion based on the estimated results. Simulations under different friction coefficients are carried out to test the proposed method.     

轮对定位刚度对机车运用性能影响的分析

阐述了轮对纵向，横向定位刚度（ｋｘ及ｋｙ）对机车直线运行及曲线通过性能的影响，指出了客运，货运机车对ｋｘ及ｋｙ的不同要求，建议对不同运用条件下机车分别研究合理的轮对纵向，横向的定位刚度，并对正确计算轮对的横向定位刚度提出了看法，最后，举例介绍国外高速机车轮对定位装置的结构及相应的参数。