High-speed wheel/rail contact determining method with rotating flexible wheelset and validation under wheel polygon excitation

A rotating flexible wheelset model is developed and integrated into a vehicle/track dynamic model. Flexible wheelset modes with natural frequencies less than 1000?Hz are considered in the wheelset modelling. An innovation of the paper is that wheel/rail rolling contact calculation considers the effect of the wheelset flexibility and the rotating effect. By introducing two half dummy rigid wheelsets the rolling contact between the flexible wheelset and the two rails can be transformed to that between a rigid wheelset and the rails. As an extension application, the wheel OOR (Out-Of-Round) wears with the 11th, 15th, and 17th orders are used to the vehicle system dynamic model with rigid, flexible and rotating-flexible wheelset model. The results of the three models are compared to study the influence of wheelset flexibility and rotation. The ‘online searching contact method’ developed in this paper is compared with the traditional contact method with considering the rotating flexible wheelset. And then a measured OOR is used to excite the rotating flexible wheelset, the response of which is analysed and verified.     

列车轮对状态的融合监测系统

为了提高列车轮对故障诊断准确率和改善现有列车轮对状态在线监测方法的不确定性,结合多传感器信息融合原理,设计了列车轮对融合监测系统,采用特征层融合自适应加权算法进行了轮对状态融合监测,以自适应的方式寻求最优加权因子,使状态测量值总均方误差最小,比较了特征层融合自适应加权算法、模糊数据关联算法、变结构多模的状态估计算法和BP神经网络算法的计算结果。比较结果表明:当轮对两端轴承均出现故障后,两传感器输出的测量值分别为22.0470和21.0250,而此融合算法计算出的估计值为4.2642,融合值最接近真值,因此,列车轮对融合监测系统可靠性高,抗干扰性强。     

轮对参数自动检测新装置

介绍一种自动测量铁路车辆轮对参数并实现计算机自动化管理的新装置,详细论述了新装置的结构、工作原理和测量方法。该装置融合结构光视觉传感技术、步进驱动技术、图像处理技术以及各种先进的测试和控制技术,实现了包括轮对外形尺寸、踏面擦伤和剥离等多个参数的全自动非接触测量,显著提高了工作效率和轮对测量精度。     

A new method for wheel–rail contact force continuous measurement using instrumented wheelset

With the aim of improving the continuous measurement of wheel–rail contact force by instrumented wheelset, instead of solving the non-linear equations, we proposed a new method based on state space theory. With this new method, the wheel–rail contact force can be calculated by the recurrence relation and the signals from strain gauge bridges on wheel web. The implementation of continuous instrumented wheelset is quite general and simplified, due to the specific bridging scheme is not necessary. It means that continuous measurement of the contact force could be realised with a simple bridging scheme, even as simple as discrete instrumented scheme. In this work, we first demonstrated and discussed the effectiveness and accuracy of this new method by estimation results with the numerical simulations, and we also applied this new method to two field tests, including one was conducted in a loop test line using a high-speed train and the other one was conducted in an urban line with a light rail vehicle. In a word, this new method is proved to be an effective way to monitor the wheel–rail contact force of rail vehicle track system.     

车辆脱轨机理及预防脱轨的对策

通过现场调研,在阐述三种脱轨机理,即爬轨脱轨、滑轨脱轨和跳轨脱轨的基础上,系统总结分析了目前各种车辆脱轨的安全评判标准及有待解决的问题,进而通过对脱轨试验情况分析并提出了五种车辆脱轨的类型及其脱轨预防对策.     

基于概率包络的轮对轴承故障诊断方法

信号不确定性的正确表达是故障诊断的先决条件。然而,在实际情况中,轮对轴承的信号存在各种不确定性,采用传统方法处理这类不确定性,存在信息丢失问题。提出一种基于概率包络的轮对轴承故障诊断方法。对原始信号进行分布类型检验,针对不同分布特点使用不同方法进行概率包络建模。提取概率包络模型的几何形状作为故障特征,并将其输入支持向量机(SVM)训练获得故障诊断模型。以公共数据集及实测数据进行诊断测试,并对诊断结果进行比对验证。实验结果表明,该方法合理有效,提高了诊断精度和效率。     

轮对多边形化对车辆动力学性能的影响

基于弹性轮对建立车轮多边形的刚柔耦合整车动力学模型。首先分析弹性车轮的合理性,进而通过修改命令直接形成多边形,研究弹性车轮多边形的波深、相位差、谐波阶数在不同速度下对车辆动力学性能的影响,给出40⁸0 km/h下,车轴横向力、轮轨横向力、脱轨系数、轮重减载率等重要指标,确定出危险速度。结果表明,3个参数对动力学性能的影响存在差异,但对脱轨系数影响都很小,对60 km/h速度下的轮重减载率影响都很大,应尽量避免在60 km/h下长期运行,以免发生共振。     

轮轨力连续测试系统设计

根据轮轨力作用下钢轨的受力特点，设计了采用测力钢轨的轮轨力连续测试系统，并通过仿真确定了垂向和横向轮轨力耦合作用下轮轨力计算方程式和相关因数．通过在试验线上的测试，表明该系统可同时连续测出垂向和横向轮轨力．     

基于传递矩阵法的轮对固有频率计算方法

应用传递矩阵法分析机车车辆轮对的固有频率,根据轮对的结构特点,将车轮和轴箱简化为集中质量和转动惯量,车轴简化为包含集中质量和转动惯量的变截面Timoshenko梁,建立轮对振动的传递矩阵,用Newton-Raphson方法求解频率方程,得到轮对的固有频率值。在轮对设计阶段,对其自振频率进行计算,分析其对轮对本身应力状态、机车车辆系统和轨道系统振动动态特性的影响。该方法与有限元方法计算的轮对固有频率的相对误差小于10%,具有较高的计算精度,满足工程设计的需要。