论现代建筑企业的合同管理

市场经济在某种意义上说是法制经济,是契约经济、合同经济。现代建筑企业的经济往来主要是通过合同形式进行的。现代社会可以讲是合同社会,建筑企业的合同管理是全过程的、系统性的、动态性的。我们要重视合同签订前和签订后的管理,对合同管理中存在的问题加以分析,采取有效对策。本文围绕近年来建筑施工合同管理实践中暴露出来的常见问题,对其进行深入分析,提出治理和防范对策,目的是有针对性地加强建筑企业的合同管理。     

BT模式投资建设项目的合同管理与预算管理

BT模式作为一种新的投融资方式进入建设市场，对施工企业而言不仅是市场占有规模的扩大，要是经营方式的巨大变化和管理模式的深刻转换。此文旨在结合案例分析和总结实践经验，探索BT模式投资建设项目如何进行合同管理和预算管理，以适应建设市场发展的需要。     

铁路工程保险招标分析

0引言随着铁路跨越式发展的深入推进,铁路建设投资呈逐年上升趋势。按照铁路中长期规划,到2020年,我国铁路营运里程将达到10万km,时速250km以上的客运专线要大规模修建,共需投入建设资金2万亿元,每年平均投资需求达1300亿元,除已有的铁路建设基金、银行贷款的款源外,每年资金缺     

EPC合同条件下的铁路建设项目工程造价控制

在分析EPC合同体系和合同条件特点的基础上,应用项目全生命周期和全过程工程造价管理理论,对铁路建设项目工程造价控制的复杂性做重点阐述,提出从项目总承包合同谈判、设计阶段、招标阶段、施工阶段到收尾阶段的工程造价控制管理框架和解决方案。     

签署涉外修船合同的问题及其解决办法

作为涉外合同中的一种,修船合同与普通的涉外商品买卖合同有着很大的不同,操作不慎,就有可能带来收汇的风险。文章结合在实际工作中遇到的一些问题,就修船合同签署过程中可能遇到的风险及其防范措施做进一步的探讨。     

工程保险在铁路建设项目中的应用研究

铁路建设过程中面临着一系列不可控风险,推行现代风险管理制度、建立良性运转的工程保险制度是转移和防范风险的重要举措。结合我国铁路工程建设的特点和实际,对铁路工程保险的内涵和作用进行了描述,在深入分析铁路工程保险运作的基础上,着重对工程保险风险评估的影响因素和具体实施展开了系统的研究,并针对工程保险费率的厘定问题,提出了基于效用函数的保费确定分析方法。     

加强城市轨道交通项目合同及成本管理的探讨

随着城市化进程的加快,城轨交通建设得到快速发展.为有效控制建设项目成本,在施工中如何加强项目合同和成本管理,此文以某城市轨道交通信号设备安装工程固定单价合同为例,从认真研究招标文件和合同内容、审核施工设计图、建立和完善成本管理体系、加强变更管理和签证等方面,阐述加强项目合同和成本管理的方法和措施.并结合工程实例进行分析,以说明此文所述管理方法的可行性。     

Part I: Externalities and economic policies in road transport

Road transport imposes negative externalities on society. These externalities include environmental and road damage, accidents, congestion, and oil dependence. The cost of these externalities to society is in general not reflected in the current market prices in the road transport sector.An efficient mobility model for the future must take into account the true costs of transport and its regulatory framework will need to create incentives for people to make sustainable transport choices. This paper discusses the use of economic instruments to correct road transport externalities, but gives relatively more weight to the problem of carbon emissions from road transport, as this is particularly challenging, given its global and long-term nature.Economics offers two types of instruments for addressing the problem of transport externalities: command-and-control and incentive-based policies.Command-and-control policies are government regulations which force consumers and producers to change their behaviour. They are the most widely used policy instruments. Examples include vehicle emission and fuel standards in the US as well as driving or parking restrictions in Singapore. The implementation cost of these instruments to the government is small. Although from an economic perspective these policies often fail to achieve an efficient market outcome, the presence of political constraints often make them the preferred option, in terms of feasibility and effectiveness.Economic theory shows how policies, which affect consumption and production incentives, can be used to achieve the optimal outcome in the presence of externalities. Incentive-based policies function within a new or an altered market. We first examine incentive-based policies, which cap the aggregate amount of the externality, such as carbon emissions, by allocating permits or rights to the emitters. The emitters are then free to trade their permits amongst them. The permit allocation mechanism is important-although market efficiency would be satisfied by an auction, political influences usually favour a proportional allocation based on historic emissions. We discuss EU ETS as an example of a cap-and-trade system, however, no such policy for CO₂ emissions in road transport has been implemented anywhere in the world to date.Fiscal instruments are, like command-and-control, widely used in road transport, because they are relatively cheap and simple to implement. They include the use of taxes and charges in order to bridge the gap between private and the social costs and, in principle, can lead to an efficient market solution. Registration, ownership, fuel, emissions, usage taxes, and parking and congestion charges have been implemented in many countries around the world. On the other side of the spectrum, subsidies can be given to those scrapping old cars and buying fuel-efficient vehicles. Some cities, such as London, have implemented congestion charges and many states in the United States have introduced high occupancy lanes. Other interesting possibilities include pay-as-you-drive insurance and other usage charges. However, the size and scope of taxes and subsidies are determined by governments, and because of their imperfect knowledge of the market the outcome is still likely to be inefficient.Governments have many effective economic instruments to create a sustainable road transport model. These instruments can be used separately or together, but their implementation will be necessary in the nearest future.     

丹拉高速公路施工阶段的合同管理

通过建设各方的共同努力,充分发挥合同管理在工程管理中的核心作用,特别是在施工阶段中,可极大地提高工程管理水平和施工质量水平。     

浅谈公路工程监理中的合同管理

结合工程实践，介绍了工程监理中合同管理的内容及程序。