Liability for oil spill damages: Issues,methods, and examples

Liability is an important incentive‐based instrument for preventing oil spills and provides a sustainable approach for restoring coastal resources injured by spills. However, the use of liability for environmental damages raises many challenges, including quantification of money measures of damages. In this article, case studies are used to illustrate the issues, methods, and challenges associated with assessing a range of damages, from those that can be measured relatively easily using market information to more “esoteric,”; and much more difficult, cases involving non‐market‐valued losses. Also discussed are issues raised by the new national and international regulatory focus on restoration and by the simplified, compensatory formula used by some states.     

浅析《2001年国际燃油污染损害民事责任公约》

介绍即将生效的《2001年国际燃油污染损害民事责任公约》的制定背景,分析燃油、污染损害、连带责任、强制保险或经济担保、证书、公约的效力等概念的界定及其要点,提出我国航运企业应熟知公约内容,密切关注船旗国接受该公约情况的动态,尽可能全面地掌握相关要求,提前取得公约要求的证书和做好必要准备。     

Semi-autonomous vehicle motor insurance: A Bayesian Network risk transfer approach

All developed economies mandate at least third party auto insurance resulting inW a vast global liability industry. The evolution towards semi-autonomous and eventually driverless vehicles will progressively remove the leading cause of vehicle accidents, human error, and significantly lower vehicle accident rates. However, this transition will force a departure from existing actuarial methods requires careful management to ensure risks are correctly assigned. Personal motor insurance lines are anticipated to diminish as liability shifts towards OEMs, tier 1 and 2 suppliers and software developers. Vehicle accident risks will hinge on vehicular characteristics in addition to driver related risks as drivers alternate between autonomous and manual driving modes. This paper proposes a Bayesian Network statistical risk estimation approach that can accommodate changing risk levels and the emergence of new risk structures. We demonstrate the use of this method for a Level 3 semi-autonomous vehicle for two scenarios, one where the driver is in control and one where the vehicle is in control. This approach is especially suited to use telematics data generated from the vehicle inherent technologies. We validate the efficacy of this approach from the perspective of the insurer and discuss how vehicle technology development will require a greater degree of collaboration between the insurance company and the manufacturers in order to develop a greater understanding of the risks semi-autonomous and fully autonomous vehicles.     

机动车第三者责任强制保险制度若干问题探讨

《道路交通安全法》所确立的机动车第三者责任强制保险制度是在原先“商业三者险”基础上的改进。但两者在设置目的、发生机制、归责原则以及操作管理模式等方面均存在着诸多不同之处。目前保险公司承保的“机动车第三者责任保险”作为《机动车第三者责任强制保险条例》正式颁布之前的一种过渡性措施,具有“机动车第三者责任强制保险”的一般法律属性。但在司法实践中对于诉讼程序、归责原则、责任限额等问题仍须进行正确地理解与适用。     

设立中国物流企业互保机制的研究

基于物流企业在经营过程中面临众多风险,依靠商业保险进行风险规避有较大的局限性,因而应创立中国物流企业互保机制。中国物流企业互保机制对于保障物流企业利益,控制经营活动风险,降低企业成本,促进物流业健康发展,为我国现代物流业的持续繁荣发展保驾护航具有重要意义。     

产品责任法中产品概念的比较研究

比较了美国、欧洲共同体和我国法律中关于“产品”概念的规定，力求阐明法律学上产品概念的科学定义。提出了我国立法中产品概念应予以修改和明确界定．以及我国产品责任法的有待完善。     

对国际货运代理业实行责任保险制度的探讨

中国商务部《国际货物运输代理业管理规定实施细则》(尚未实施)规定国际货运代理企业实行责任保险制度。国际货运代理责任保险分为国际货运代理人责任险和国际货运代理提单责任险。这对于提升整个货运代理行业服务水平,降低行业经营风险意义重大。本文就国际货运代理业责任保险的含义及实行责任保险制度的必要性进行阐述,并就国际货运代理业责任保险的强制性和相关问题提出个人观点。     

浅论油污强制责任保险扩大化的必要性和作用

随着我国经济的发展和经济全球化的加快,我国的航运业务激增,船舶油污事件发生的几率也相应地提高。当前沿海或内河液体货物危险品运输实行油污强制责任保险制度的呼声很高。本文将对海上油污强制责任保险扩大化的必要性和作用进行分析。     

哈尔滨燃气公交安全管理技术研究

随着石油资源的不断减少,以燃气替代燃油的公交车和出租汽车已在城市公共交通领域中广泛使用。在燃气公交车大力发展的同时,也暴露出许多安全问题。通过对哈尔滨市公交企业安全生产工作的深入调研,从驾驶员、车辆自身、加气站和公交车辆管理部门四个方面分析哈尔滨市公交企业存在的问题,提出哈尔滨市公交车燃气安全管理办法,为改善哈尔滨市公交企业燃气安全状况提供依据。     

交通事故有关的侵权(渎职)官司

因交通事故而引发的道路管理者侵权(渎职)官司正变得越来越普遍.介绍了加州和美国的与交通事故有关的侵权(渎职)官司的定义、认定、索赔和实例,详细指出了加州运输部在项目开发和运营养护工作中有效避免侵权(渎职)官司的具体策略.