桥梁超重荷载与限载标准的确定

为了分析公路运营中超重荷载对桥梁的影响，以陕西省府谷-店塔公路上运煤超载车辆为调查对象，根据车辆装载特点和轴型分布特征，将超载车辆分为9种类型，分析了9种车型的超载、超限情况；利用线性回归，得出超载与超限的函数关系。利用等代荷载方法，与公路-Ⅰ级荷载相比较，确定出9种车型的限载系数和限载标准，评价了限载后车辆荷载特性，认为车辆限载后宜使用多轮、多轴运营车型。     

Design of robust-stable and quadratic finite-horizon optimal controllers with low trajectory sensitivity for uncertain active suspension systems

This paper presents a design method for designing the robust-stable and quadratic-finite-horizon-optimal controllers of uncertain active suspension systems. The method integrates a robust stabilisability condition, the orthogonal functions approach (OFA) and the hybrid Taguchi-genetic algorithm (HTGA). Using the integrative computational method, a robust-stable and quadratic-finite-horizon-optimal controller with low-trajectory sensitivity can be obtained such that (i) the active suspension system with elemental parametric uncertainties is stabilised and (ii) a quadratic-finite-horizon-integral performance index including a quadratic trajectory sensitivity term for the nominal active suspension system is minimised. The robust stabilisability condition is proposed in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Based on the OFA, an algebraic algorithm only involving the algebraic computation is derived for solving the nominal active suspension feedback dynamic equations. By using the OFA and the LMI-based robust stabilisability condition, the dynamic optimisation problem for the robust-stable and quadratic-finite-horizon-optimal controller design of the linear uncertain active suspension system is transformed into a static-constrained-optimisation problem represented by the algebraic equations with constraint of LMI-based robust stabilisability condition; thus greatly simplifies the design problem. Then, for the static-constrained-optimisation problem, the HTGA is employed to find the robust-stable and quadratic-finite-horizon-optimal controllers of the linear uncertain active suspension systems. A design example is given to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed integrative computational approach.     

高速常导磁浮列车直线电机系统模拟试验台发电特性研究

高速常导磁浮列车中的直线同步电机系统是集列车悬浮、牵引、导向及发电功能于一体的核心系统.本文详细介绍了该系统旋转模拟试验台的设计思路及结构特点,并利用有限元分析软件对其额定运行点进行了二维电磁场分析.给出了气隙磁场空间分布图,分析了该系统直线发电机的工作机理,重点计算了试验台额定运行时直线发电机的各条发电支路的磁通变化规律及相应的发电特性.对发电特性的波形、交变频率、感应电势幅值、相邻2条支路的发电特性间的相位差进行了分析,确定了试验台结构参数与其相互关系.对试验台进行的一系列试验结果证实了理论分析所得结论.由此确定了高速常导磁浮列车实际运行时,车载直线发电机的发电情况及其特点.     

新疆国际旅游客源量的线性组合预测

利用新疆历年来的统计数据,探讨线性组合预侧方法在新疆境外客流量预侧中的应用 ,为新疆维吾尔自治区政府制定旅游发展规划提供科学依据.     

物流园区建设序列的多阶段多指标决策模型

针对物流园区建设序列问题的多阶段多指标决策和投资优化实质,本文以熵权和理想解法为基础,结合Delphi 法和0-1型整数规划,提出了一个物流园区建设序列的多阶段多指标决策模型,比较好地解决了物流园区建设序列决策中多阶段多指标评价问题和投资优化问题。     

Dynamic location: an iconic model to synchronize temporal and spatial transportation data

This paper describes a model to synchronize the management and query of temporal and spatially referenced transportation data in geographic information systems (GIS). The model employs a method referred to as dynamic location, which facilitates spatial intersect queries from geographic shapes without the use of topological relationships. This is the inverse of how dynamic segmentation works in GIS. In contrast to dynamic segmentation, dynamic location stores geometry as an object within a single database field. This is an efficient, precise iconic model superseding the need for data decomposition into a complex set of tables. As an object model, the dynamic location process lends itself to high performance in an Internet, data-intensive, enterprise environment. Linear events are stored as {x, y} features, and not referenced to any route system. Route systems are built from {x, y, m} values (m for measure) and serve as number lines for mathematical operations. Any {x, y} object can then be referenced to either the Cartesian grid or any selected number line. This method offers the benefits of linear referencing, while making full use of a stable geodetic datum. Combinations of any {x, y} events may be placed over any {x, y, m} number line (route) and an intersect determined by looking through stacked {x, y, m} vertices of the coincident shapes. Since both geometry and shape reside in the same record, the use of “begin” and “end” dates facilitates full spatial and temporal version control. From a business process perspective, this creates a spatially enabled database, pulling GIS business functions back into the information technology mainstream.     

Lane-harmonised passenger car equivalents for heterogeneous expressway traffic

In order to account for variations in traffic composition during traffic analysis, passenger car equivalent (PCE) factors are used to convert flow rates of various vehicle classes into flow rates in terms of passenger car units (PCUs). Earlier studies have developed various methods to estimate PCE values but only a few of them are based on uninterrupted traffic flow, particularly for flow regimes with heterogeneous traffic where differential (lower) speed limits are imposed on commercial vehicles. This paper proposes a lane-harmonisation approach, which leverages on the high variation in traffic composition across the lanes, to estimate PCE factors for urban expressways. Multiple linear regression is used and the PCE factors obtained for motorcycles, light goods vehicles, and heavy goods vehicles are 0.65, 1.53, and 2.75, respectively. The estimated capacity flow rate after the application of the obtained PCE factors is around 2200 PCUs per hour per lane.     

Optimization of bus allocation to depots by minimizing dead kilometers

In metropolitan cities, public transportation service plays a vital role in mobility of people, and it has to introduce new routes more frequently due to the fast development of the city in terms of population growth and city size. Whenever there is introduction of new route or increase in frequency of buses, the non‐revenue kilometers covered by the buses increases as depot and route starting/ending points are at different places. This non‐revenue kilometers or dead kilometers depends on the distance between depot and route starting point/ending point. The dead kilometers not only results in revenue loss but also results in an increase in the operating cost because of the extra kilometers covered by buses. Reduction of dead kilometers is necessary for the economic growth of the public transportation system. Therefore, in this study, the attention is focused on minimizing dead kilometers by optimizing allocation of buses to depots depending upon the shortest distance between depot and route starting/ending points. We consider also depot capacity and time period of operation during allocation of buses to ensure parking safety and proper maintenance of buses. Mathematical model is developed considering the aforementioned parameters, which is a mixed integer program, and applied to Bangalore Metropolitan Transport Corporation (BMTC) routes operating presently in order to obtain optimal bus allocation to depots. Database for dead kilometers of depots in BMTC for all the schedules are generated using the Form‐4 (trip sheet) of each schedule to analyze depot‐wise and division‐wise dead kilometers. This study also suggests alternative locations where depots can be located to reduce dead kilometers. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

直线电机交通模式及技术经济特性

直线电机已开始在磁悬浮铁路、城市轨道交通中应用。介绍了直线电机的分类、3种典型的磁悬浮铁路和直线电机驱动的轮轨交通方式,对上述交通方式的技术经济特征进行了对比,总结了上述交通方式的适用范围。     

网联环境下考虑非优先车辆延误的公交优先信号控制方法

网联环境具有数据采集和交互方面的优势,能更精确地评估交通需求,更科学地实施交通管控措施。根据公交车与非优先车辆权重及延误分布差异,研究了考虑非优先车辆延误的公交优先单点信号控制方法。利用交叉口车辆轨迹数据计算轨迹样本到达率参数,根据车辆到达交叉口的分布特征构建各相位的车辆到达率概率函数,并采用极大似然估计预测到达率,基于交通流冲击波模型分别计算出各相位的排队波、驶离波和消散波波速。公交车数量少权重较高且网联化程度高,利用基于冲击波的时距图推导延误表达式;而非优先车辆数量多单车权重低且网联化程度低,利用基于到达率的定数理论推导延误表达式。按乘员数对公交车延误值和非优先车辆延误值进行加权,以加权延误最小为目标函数建立了混合整数线性规划模型,解得相位时长整数解,并反馈到信号机系统实现公交优先自适应信号控制。以武汉市车城北路与东风大道交叉口为对象,采集不同时段交叉口流量数据,利用SUMO软件开展仿真实验,结果表明：相比优化前,低、中、高流量情况下公交车单车平均延误时间分别减少25.63%、25.25%、18.32%;同等条件下平均每周期非优先车辆延误时间分别减少8.80%、4.68%、1.99%;同等条件下平均每周期加权延误时间分别减少20.98%、9.39%、12.70%。证明所提方法能较好地适配交通需求,且流量较低时效果最好。