Handling stability improvement through robust active front steering and active differential control

The design of the integrated active front steering and active differential control for handling improvement of road vehicles is undertaken. The controller design algorithm is based on the solution of a set of linear matrix inequalities that guarantee robustness against a number of vehicle parameters such as speed, cornering and braking stiffnesses. Vehicle plane dynamics are first expressed in the generic linear parameter-varying form, where the above-stated parameters are treated as interval uncertainties. Then, static-state feedback controllers ensuring robust performance against changing road conditions are designed. In a first series of simulations, the performance of the integrated controller is evaluated for a fishhook manoeuvre for different values of road adhesion coefficient. Then, the controller is tested for an emergency braking manoeuvre executed on a split-μ road. In all cases, it is shown that static-state feedback controllers designed by the proposed method can achieve remarkable road handling performance compared with uncontrolled vehicles.     

A High-performance Low Cost Inverse Integer Transform Architecture for AVS Video Standard

A high-performance, low cost inverse integer transform architecture for advanced video standard (AVS) video coding standard was presented. An 8×8 inverse integer transform is required in AVS video system which is compute-intensive. A hardware transform is inevitable to compute the transform for the real-time ap-plication. Compared with the 4×4 transform for H.264/AVC, the 8×8 integer transform is much more complex and the coefficient in the inverse transform matrix Ts is not inerratic as that in H.264/AVC. Dividing the Ts into matrix S8 and R8, the proposed architecture is implemented with the adders and the specific CSA-trees instead of multipliers, which are area and time consuming. The architecture obtains the data processing rate up to 8 pixels per-cycle at a low cost of area. Synthesized to TSMC 0.18 μm COMS process, the architecture attains the operating frequency of 300 MHz at cost of 34 252 gates with a 2-stage pipeline scheme. A reusable scheme is also introduced for the area optimization, which results in the operating frequency of 143 MHz at cost of only 19 758 gates.     

Rear-heavy car control by adaptive linear optimal preview

Adaptive linear optimal preview control theory is applied to a simple but non-linear car model, with parameters chosen to make the rear axle saturate first in any quasi-steady manoeuvre. The tendency of such a car to spin above a critical speed, which is a function of its running state, causes control to be especially difficult when operating near to the limit of the rear-axle force system. As in previous work, trim states and optimal gains are computed off-line for a given speed and a full range of lateral accelerations. Gain-scheduling with interpolation over trims and gain sets is used to keep the control appropriate to the running conditions, as they change. Simulations of manoeuvres are used to test and demonstrate the system capability. It is shown that utilising the rear-axle lateral-slip ratio as the scheduling variable, in the case of this rear-heavy car, gives excellent tracking, even when the tyres are run close to full saturation. It is implied by this and previous work that the general case can be treated effectively by monitoring both front- and rear-axle slips and scheduling on a worst-case basis.     

自动驾驶环境下面向交叉口自由转向车道的交通控制模型

在未来自动驾驶环境下，自动驾驶车辆之间能相互配合、相互穿插地通过交叉口，而无需信号灯控制。因此，有必要研究新一代的能保障自动驾驶车辆安全高效通行的交叉口控制模型。已有控制模型可分为基于交叉口空间离散的控制模型和基于交叉口冲突点分析的控制模型，目前主要存在控制方式和模型非线性等方面的不足。建立了基于混合整数线性规划（MILP）的自动驾驶交叉口控制（Autonomous Intersection Control，AIC）模型，设计交叉口自由转向车道，允许交叉口所有进口道都能"左直右"通行，将交叉口空间离散为等距网格并建立网格坐标方程，考虑车辆在交叉口内部的行驶轨迹，建立车辆轨迹的上边界和下边界方程，确定行驶轨迹压过的交叉口网格，并建立网格被车辆路径占用的时间方程，使用同一网格同一时间只能被一台车辆占用的冲突点约束保障交叉口安全通行。模型以所有车辆通过交叉口的总延误最低为目标函数，通过将约束条件线性化处理，使用AMPL （A Mathematical Programming Language）并调用Gurobi数学规划优化器对模型进行求解。最后对模型效益进行了案例分析。结果表明：所提模型能有效处理自由转向车道的交通流到达模式，对比已有模型经常采用的先到先服务控制策略，该模型能整体优化车辆通行方案，降低车均延误50.51%，降低最大车辆延误29.12%，同时交叉口空间利用率提高了66.17%。     

直线电机在轨道车辆运用中的三维分析

从三维方向分析,认为直线电机将原来旋转电机的电磁力,即内力变为了外力,从而给轨道车辆的设计概念带来重大的变化。通过对目前世界上直线电机车辆使用的实际业绩的分析,提出车辆质量可减轻的观点。     

一种求解线性规划问题的新方法

提出了一种求解线性规划问题的新方法：利用K-T条件及阳函数的凝聚特性，将多约束线性规划问题凝聚为单约束优化问题进行求解．最后给出了二维及三维线性规划问题的实例及相应的几何解释。     

考虑弹性应变阈值的频率相关等效线性化方法

传统等效线性化方法由于原理简单、参数获取方便而广泛应用于工程场地非线性地震反应分析中．实际工程应用中发现,这种方法由于对各个频率分量采用了等效剪应变水平,使得地面最大峰值加速度和高频段计算结果明显偏低．若干实验表明,应变幅值对土的力学行为起着关键性作用,当应变低于弹性应变阈值时,土体处于线弹性状态,弹性应变阈值主要与土的塑性指数有关．本文在对各种频率相关等效线性化理论方法分析的基础上,结合弹性应变阈值理论,建立了考虑弹性应变阈值的频率相关等效线性化方法,运用本文方法对海口某实际场地进行了土层地震反应分析,对比了与传统等效线性化方法的差异;同时对不同覆盖层厚度遭遇不同地震动强度的地震动进行了计算分析．总结了不同覆盖层犀度下本文方法和传统等效线性化方法计算结果的差异及规律．     

瓯江特大桥钢箱梁合龙控制研究

混合梁结构多用于斜拉桥,在大跨径连续刚构桥上应用较少,且混合梁连续刚构桥研究不够深入.瓯江特大桥主桥采用大跨径混合梁连续刚构桥,由于主跨跨中存在一个大节段钢箱梁段,故在设计、施工方面与常规混凝土连续刚构桥有较大不同,同时在施工控制过程中也出现了很多新问题.在常规混凝土连续刚构桥控制方法的基础上,对钢混结合段累计位移的突变问题进行分析,得到准确预测钢混结合段安装标高的方法.对钢箱梁吊装状态进行分析,得到准确的钢箱梁加工线形.对合龙时的温度效应进行分析,把握了温度影响规律,为钢箱梁的精确合龙提供依据.     

Toll pricing framework under logit‐based stochastic user equilibrium constraints

This paper addresses the toll pricing framework for the first‐best pricing with logit‐based stochastic user equilibrium (SUE) constraints. The first‐best pricing is usually known as marginal‐cost toll, which can be obtained by solving a traffic assignment problem based on the marginal cost functions. The marginal‐cost toll, however, has rarely been implemented in practice, because it requires every specific link on the network to be charged. Thus, it is necessary to search for a substitute of the marginal cost pricing scheme, which can reduce the toll locations but still minimize the total travel time. The toll pricing framework is the set of all the substitute toll patterns of the marginal cost pricing. Assuming the users' route choice behavior following the logit‐based SUE principle, this paper has first derived a mathematical expression for the toll pricing framework. Then, by proposing an origin‐based variational inequality model for the logit‐based SUE problem, another toll pricing framework is built, which avoids path enumeration/storage. Finally, the numerical test shows that many alternative pricing patterns can inherently reduce the charging locations and total toll collected, while achieving the same equilibrium link flow pattern. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

长初级短次级六相直线感应电动机数学模型分析

基于大功率直线推进的特殊要求,设计了一种新型长初级短次级六相直线感应电动机,介绍了六相直线感应电动机的绕组结构。在此基础上,推导了六相长初级短次级直线感应电动机数学模型,分析了由电机各相端部绕组空间相对位置决定的六相直线感应电动机端部漏感的不对称规律,并与多相旋转电机端部漏感的规律进行了对比。建立了仿真模型,对电机的电磁性能进行计算。