Bioresuspension and biodeposition: a review

The present literature on biologically mediated fluxes from the benthic nepheloid layer (BNL) across the sediment-water interface into the sediment and vice versa is reviewed. The processes involved are categorised according to direct bioresuspension and biodeposition, i.e. direct interception of the animal with particles, and those effects, which are indirectly created by benthic organisms, e.g., changes of physical properties in the sediments, constructions like tubes and pits and the corresponding changes in hydrodynamic conditions. It is concluded that benthic organisms significantly increase the flux of particles across the interface and that the physically created fluxes are easily modified by a factor of 2 and more.     

WGMS2003轮机模拟器故障分析及其排除

轮机模拟器的广泛应用及其正常运行,迫切需要对轮机模拟器故障及其排除给予高度重视．这里探讨WGMS2003轮机模拟器运行故障及其排除实录,对于维护好轮机模拟器正常运行,保证教学、科研、培训的需要非常重要．同时对相关轮机模拟器的使用和管理也有一定的参考意义．     

桩-岩界面粗糙度量化模型及其剪切机制研究

为考虑桩-岩界面粗糙度对其剪切强度的影响，提出一种能描述粗糙体起伏高度变化的量化模型。该模型在现有规则三角形粗糙体模型的基础上将岩体表面的粗糙起伏用不同高度的等腰三角形粗糙体进行量化，其优点在于能同时考虑各个局部粗糙体在界面总体剪切位移下所表现出来的剪胀与剪断2种机制。通过结合常法向刚度条件（CNS）下桩-岩界面的剪切特性，建立了局部粗糙体的剪切模型，并采用对所有局部粗糙体剪切响应求和的方法获取界面的整体剪切响应。基于局部粗糙体的剪胀-剪断两相机制和三角形粗糙体的几何特征推导了界面在剪切过程中处于两阶段粗糙体个数及剪切应力的演化方程；在此基础之上，根据位移控制条件将界面剪切过程划分为：剪胀、渐进破坏及剪断3个过程，并求解了各过程的剪切强度发挥函数，同时提出了完备的参数确定方法。最后，通过室内剪切试验对所提理论模型进行验证，结果表明：①各工况下试验曲线存在明显的3个剪切过程，验证了理论模型的合理性；②所提理论模型可较为精确地预测界面峰值剪切应力τ_u，预测误差在2%~10%之间；③理论模型高估残余应力τ_r误差在17%~25%之间的概率为50%，误差在17%~32%之间概率为81.25%；④峰值应力和残余应力与最大粗糙体高度h_max、初始法向应力σ_n0及法向刚度K成正比。     

京张高铁八达岭长城站防灾疏散救援强化设计

京张高铁八达岭长城站埋深达102 m,具有78个洞室,结构复杂,防灾疏散救援难度极大。为应对八达岭地下站突出的防灾、疏散、救援、指挥等问题,在常规防灾疏散救援设施设备基础上开展了强化设计,在不改变原有防灾救援疏散各系统运营维护体制的前提下,通过在消防控制室设置一套防灾综合监控平台,运用理论研究、数值计算、软件开发等方法,将各类防灾信息进行综合、集中、三维可视化展示;综合监控平台能够针对各种防灾疏散救援相关信息进行综合数据的分析、挖掘,并在平台中植入救援联动控制预案,提升了灾前感知,救灾联动控制,灾后评估分析的能力;建立八达岭长城站的三维仿真演练示范系统,利用BIM/VR等技术进行可视化的3D仿真培训演练。防灾综合监控平台的建设,强化了八达岭长城站的防灾、救灾、减灾能力,为运营安全提供保障。     

基于非线性有限元方法的复合土钉支护影响因素研究

利用非线性有限元方法,针对土钉支护体系的结构特征和施工过程,引入带转动自由度的Goodman接触面单元,并结合实例对水泥搅拌桩复合土钉支护体系进行了研究,得到了土钉、搅拌桩等相关设计参数的变化对基坑位移、土钉受力的影响规律.     

风机塔架与叶片相互作用的数值模拟(英文)

Numerical simulations of wind turbine blade-tower interaction by using the open source OpenFOAM tools coupled with arbitrary mesh interface(AMI) method were presented.The governing equations were the unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS) which were solved by the pimpleDyMFoam solver,and the AMI method was employed to handle mesh movements.The National Renewable Energy Laboratory(NREL) phase VI wind turbine in upwind configuration was selected for numerical tests with different incoming wind speeds(5,10,15,and 25 m/s) at a fixed blade pitch and constant rotational speed.Detailed numerical results of vortex structure,time histories of thrust,and pressure distribution on the blade and tower were presented.The findings show that the wind turbine tower has little effect on the whole aerodynamic performance of an upwind wind turbine,while the rotating rotor will induce an obvious cyclic drop in the front pressure of the tower.Also,strong interaction of blade tip vortices with separation from the tower was observed.     

The design of an in-vehicle assistance system to support eco-driving

This driving simulator study was the second of two studies investigating the most effective and acceptable in-vehicle system for the provision of guidance on fuel efficient accelerator usage. Three eco-driving interfaces were selected for test (a second-order display visual display with auditory alerts and two haptic accelerator pedal systems) following a pilot study of 12 different interfaces. These systems were tested in a range of eco-driving scenarios involving acceleration, deceleration and speed maintenance, and assessed through their effects on fuel economy, vehicle control, distraction, and driver subjective feedback. The results suggest that a haptic accelerator pedal system is most effective for preventing over-acceleration, whilst minimal differences were observed between systems in terms of the effect of the assistance provided to prevent under-acceleration. The visual–auditory interface lowered the time spent looking towards the road, indicating a potential negative impact on driver safety from using this modality to provide continuous green driving support. Subjective results were consistent with the objective findings, with haptic pedal systems creating lower perceived workload than a visual–auditory interface. Driver acceptability ratings suggested a slight favouring of a haptic-force system for its usefulness, whereas the more subtle haptic-stiffness system was judged more acceptable to use. These findings offer suggestions for the design of a user-friendly, eco-driving device that can help drivers improve their fuel economy, specifically through the provision of real-time guidance on the manipulation of the accelerator pedal position.     

设计过程中数据共享模式的分析与应用

研究目的:通过软件系统的开发来研究勘察设计一体化过程中专业内部、专业之间的数据共享问题,以推动这一主题向深入发展.研究结论:本文综合分析了设计过程中影响数据共享的各种因素以及传统软件存在的主要问题,总结了专业内部数据共享的基本模式,并把该模式贯穿于软件开发的具体实现过程中进行验证.同时,给出了专业之间数据共享的接口设计流程,提出以组件方式规划并实现数据接口的方法.最终得出,设计专业内部通过"专业数据库"模式进行数据共享,将大大提高数据的利用率,从而提高设计效率.数据接口通过组件方式表达,更利于数据接口在软件开发过程中的实现,推进专业之间数据共享的步伐.     

软件界面建模方法的研究和应用

准确、规范的需求说明对整个软件系统的开发具有重要意义，常规的需求捕获和分析方法不能有效地解决目前用户界面建模中存在的一些问题。分析了软件界面需求的基本元素，结合面向方面的设计思想，给出了需求捕获的一般过程和注意事项。在此基础上设计了模型的基本结构，构造了设计元素的元模型及对象问的交互关系，形成一个合理可行的设计模型，并依照反演模式设计出界面原型。最后，以C^3I仿真测试环境中用户界面的构建为例介绍和说明了该方法的使用。     

重庆轨道交通供电系统与电力系统接口协调

本文通过重庆轨道交通解决牵引供电系统与电力系统在高次谐波、功率因素、继电保护配合、电调与市(地)调间的通讯等软、硬接口的实践,提出了一种经济合理的处理接口的方法,并全面地总结了接口协调的经验。