隧道内横向偏置火源火灾烟气温度特性全尺寸试验研究

为了研究隧道内火灾温度分布规律和烟气运动状态,使交通隧道火灾灾害降到最低,通过全尺寸隧道火灾试验研究了热释放速率为30 MW火源位于偏离横向中心位置一个车道宽度条件下的顶棚射流的烟气温度特征,分析了烟气在各阶段的温度分布以及沿横向和纵向扩散的规律。结果表明：在火源下游一定区域内,偏置火源火灾产生的烟气在沿隧道横向和纵向扩散温度分布均呈非对称形态;烟气继续沿纵向扩散一段距离后,逐渐出现和形成温度分层;偏置火源顶棚射流的温升趋势随时间呈二次多项式关系增长,远壁面烟气沉降高度和温度衰减幅值大于相应中心火源的试验值;与中心火源的相似,火源在下游30 m内的顶棚射流温升随纵向距离的增加符合指数衰减规律,但同时还受到偏置距离的影响;可使用量纲一的偏距与量纲一的纵向距离的函数关系式描述其分布规律。     

内压载荷下X80管道裂纹应力分布规律研究

为了研究内压作用下管道裂纹应力场分布规律,以含有表面裂纹的X80管道为研究对象,对不同形状、不同方向、不同内压、不同尺寸的含裂纹管道进行仿真分析和实验验证。结果表明:裂纹尖端处应力远大于裂纹中心应力。裂纹形状对应力影响作用较小,随着裂纹方向与管道轴向夹角增大,裂纹尖端应力先增大后减小,随着管道内压、裂纹深度、裂纹长度的增大,裂纹尖端处应力随之线性增大。其中,裂纹长度对裂纹尖端应力的影响小于管道内压和裂纹深度。     

盲源分离技术在水声信号中的应用研究

通过研究α稳定分布,提出海洋噪声、舰船辐射噪声等符合低阶α稳定分布,在进行对称α稳定分布且独立的随机源信号进行盲分离处理时,若仍然采用高斯分布将不收敛。本文设计了分数低阶矩阵盲源分离算法,最后通过实验对比本文所设计算法和时延分离算法。实验结果表明:本文所设计的算法对于α稳定分布且有独立的随机信号,具有较好的收敛性,能够有效实现盲源信号分离。通过从复杂的海洋噪声中仍能较好地提取出船舱辐射噪声的实验,说明即使信噪比发生变化,源信号分离后相似系数较分离前仍然有稳定地提高。     

Design and evaluation of an integrated inventory and transportation system

This paper proposes the adoption of an integrated inventory and transportation system (IITS) to minimize the total costs of inventory and transportation. A non-linear programing is developed by analyzing transportation and inventory costs with one supplier and many retailers in the distribution environment. The paper compares the proposed model with the traditional approach in computing total costs with numerical data. The results indicate that the total costs can be optimized by adopting integrated programing rather than the traditional approach, along with achieving improved customer service levels. In particular, sensitivity analysis is applied to determine the performance of the IITS under various transportation costs, holding costs and shortage costs. It shows that the transportation cost per unit is most sensitive in the proposed model. In this situation, the IITS is more effective for cost saving when set-up cost, holding and shortage costs are high, but is less effective for situations involving high per-unit transportation costs.     

Cooperation in transit delivery in West German metropolitan areas

West Germany is densely populated, averaging 245 inhabitants/km², but varying widely between urban agglomerations and rural areas. Transport volume has increased by 40% since 1970, with virtually all growth due to private automobiles. Since 1981 public transit has been suffering from decreasing demand.A 1964 Expert's Report to the German federal government was the stimulus for initiating an effective funding mechanism for new public transit construction. In 1965 Germany's first federated transit authority was founded for the region of Hamburg.Principal among the goals of any cooperative agreement among transit companies are improvements for the passengers and improvement of revenues for the companies. To attain these ends, two distinct forms of transit aggrements have been developed in Germany: transit cooperative (Verkehrsgemeinschaft) and transit federation (Verkehrsverbund). The former is more suitable for smaller to medium-sized towns, while the latter is more suitable for larger cities. The two types are described in this article.German transit federations during the 1970s succeeded in significantly increasing ridership, while during the 1980s patronage has either remained steady or has declined. Yet transit federations showed much better perfomance than did public transit in general. In terms of costs and revenues, no public transit organization in Germany is able to break even; deficits vary between 42% and 55%. The author concludes, however, that hidden subsidies for automobile traffic are far higher, because of environmental damage and the high social cost of traffic accidents.     

基于结点重要度理论的运输枢纽布局方法研究

在公路运输枢纽总体规划中,枢纽的选址是重要的一环,也是决定区域公路运输系统的重要因素。结点重要度分析是定量描述区域内各结点间的相对重要程度,从而为规划布局提供依据。将结点重要度理论引入公路运输枢纽布局,根据提出的相关指标应用结点重要度分析对枢纽布局备选点逐步筛选,最终确定最佳站址,从而指导运输枢纽的布局。所阐述的方法在部分公路运输枢纽总体规划中收到了良好的效果。     

地铁明挖车站有关配筋问题的探讨

探讨明挖地铁车站配筋计算的一些问题。提出了在地铁车站配筋设计时应考虑消峰、轴力、腋角、分布筋等设计理念。这些设计理念并非很高深,但若能在地铁设计中得以贯彻,对提高设计质量,降低工程投资却很有益处。     

基于Cruise的ISG混合动力中型卡车能量分配策略研究

文章对ISG混合动力中型卡车发动机、电池、电机的联合工作进行了分析,并基于Matlab/Simulink建立了整车能量分配控制策略,基于AVL/Cruise建立了整车被控对象模型,进行了联合虚拟仿真。对仿真结果,包括整车的经济性、排放、SOC等性能进行了分析和研究,说明采用ISG混合动力系统的中型卡车实现了节油,并且保证了电池SOC平衡,车辆动力性能够满足要求,控制策略是有效的。     

基于系统效率最优的CVT混合动力轿车转矩优化分配方法

无级变速器CVT消除了挡位概念,其速比在一定范围内连续可调。配备CVT的混合动力汽车能够实现动力源转矩和传动系统的优化匹配。针对此问题,提出了基于系统效率最优的CVT中度混合动力轿车动力源转矩优化分配方法:。该方法:综合考虑了各个关键部件的效率,以混合动力系统的总体效率为优化目标,以车速、车辆加速度、电池SOC为状态变量,优化分配了驱动工况下各动力源输出转矩,为整车能量管理策略的制定奠定了基础。