Modeling traffic operation at signalized intersections without explicit left‐turn yielding rules with an enhanced cell transmission model

This paper presents an enhanced cell transmission model (CTM) to capture traffic operation at signalized intersections without explicit permissive left‐turn yielding rules (i.e. aggressive permissive left‐turn maneuvers may not necessarily yield to opposing through traffic), which can be widely observed in many developing countries. Different from previous studies that focus on traffic dynamics on approaching links, this study contributes to modeling traffic operations within the intersection. A novel cell transmission framework with various types of virtual cells is proposed to model the dynamics of traffic movements from approach to exit. The unique phenomenon of competitive occupying of the conflict point between the left turn and opposing through movements is modeled. The cell state indicating its blockage is proposed to capture the dynamic queue formulation and dissipation and to evaluate the operational traffic performance at the intersection. Field validation results show that the proposed model can capture the operation of traffic at signalized intersections without explicit permissive left‐turn yielding rules with significantly higher level of accuracy than traditional traffic flow models. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Differences in single heavy vehicle crashes at intersections and midblocks

The objective of this research is to identify the factors differentiating between single heavy vehicle collisions at intersections and midblocks by using a binary logit model. Our results show that single vehicle crashes involving heavy vehicle at intersections are more likely to occur on main roads and highways, whereas crashes at midblocks are more likely to occur on divided two‐way roads, roads with special facilities or features (e.g. bridge) and roads with a higher percentage of heavy vehicle traffic. Intersection crashes are also more likely to involve vehicles that are turning left or right, resulting in angle crashes and vehicle overturn, whereas midblock crashes are more likely to involve vehicles on higher posted speed roads. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Severity of pedestrian injuries due to traffic crashes at signalized intersections in Hong Kong: a Bayesian spatial logit model

The present study intended to (1) investigate the injury risk of pedestrian casualties involved in traffic crashes at signalized intersections in Hong Kong; (2) determine the effect of pedestrian volumes on the severity levels of pedestrian injuries; and (3) explore the role of spatial correlation in econometric crash‐severity models. The data from 1889 pedestrian‐related crashes at 318 signalized intersections between 2008 and 2012 were elaborately collected from the Traffic Accident Database System maintained by the Hong Kong Transport Department. To account for the cross‐intersection heterogeneity, a Bayesian hierarchical logit model with uncorrelated and spatially correlated random effects was developed. An intrinsic conditional autoregressive prior was specified for the spatial correlation term. Results revealed that (1) signalized intersections with greater pedestrian volumes generally exhibited a lower injury risk; (2) ignoring the spatial correlation potentially results in reduced model goodness‐of‐fit, an underestimation of variability and standard error of parameter estimates, as well as inconsistent, biased, and erroneous inference; (3) special attention should be paid to the following factors, which led to a significantly higher probability of pedestrians being killed or sustaining severe injury: pedestrian age greater than 65 years, casualties with head injuries, crashes that occurred on footpaths that were not obstructed/overcrowded, heedless or inattentive crossing, crashes on the two‐way carriageway, and those that occurred near tram or light‐rail transit stops. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

低温压实对沥青混合料路用性能的影响

利用现场实测结果,确定了低温成型的温度范围。通过对AC-13改性沥青混合料在不同压实温度下的密实性、强度特性、水稳定性、高温稳定性及低温抗裂性等指标的室内试验,研究了低温压实对沥青混合料路用性能的影响。结果表明:(1)随着压实温度的降低,沥青混合料的各种性能指标不断变差,其空隙率、压实度、稳定度、常温劈裂强度、动稳定度、低温劈裂强度、低温弯拉强度以及线收缩系数等指标与压实温度具有非线性相关性,而残留稳定度、冻融劈裂残留强度比及低温弯拉应变等指标具有线性相关性;(2)存在一个低温压实临界温度,当压实温度低于此值后,沥青混合料的路用性能显著下降。而当路面施工受条件限制处于冬季低温环境时,可采用此低温临界温度来控制现场压实。     

海浪水压场的混沌特性分析及预测模型

海浪水压场作为水中兵器水压引信最严重的干扰源,对其混沌特性进行研究具有极为重要的意义.依据判断系统是否具有混沌特性的2个重要指标:关联维数和最大Lyapunov指数,分别通过G-P算法和小数据量的Wolf算法进行了计算.对一定数量的海浪水压场数据所进行的计算表明,海浪水压场具有分数的关联维数和正的Lyapunov指数,表现出明显的混沌特性.在此基础上依据混沌信号的相空间重构理论使用支持向量机对海浪水压场进行了预测建模,结果表明非线性混沌模型较常规的线性AR模型具有更高的预测精度.     

粘性土物理状态与力学特性间的灰色关联度分析

鉴于实际工程中,低液相粘性土之一的亚砂土的稠度划分与其力学特征之间普遍存在矛盾的现象,采用灰理论中的关联度分析,对粘性土物理状态指标与力学特征指标之间的相关性进行分析是比较合理贴切的,且对今后的研究与工程应用有重要的参考价值.     

城市立交方案评价指标权重确定方法研究

文章针对主观赋权法和客观赋权法确定权重系数的不足,提出了一种采用组合赋权法确定指标权重评价城市立交方案的新思路。并结合广东省佛山市黄岐互通立交改造工程,介绍了该组合赋权法在互通立交方案选择中的具体应用。     

城市无信号控制T型交叉口通行能力计算方法

以当量人群描述非机动车和行人对机动车通行的共同影响,对城市无信号控制T型交叉口的交通流运行优先等级进行重新划分,共划分为5 级.将主路直行车流和横穿支路的当量人群流作为独立优先流,应用间隙接受理论,研究了各次级交通流的可能通行能力计算方法.考虑高等级次级交通流及横穿主路的当量人群流的影响,采用概率论方法研究了各次级交通流的可能通行能力修正系数,从而得到各次级交通流的实际通行能力计算模型,进而得到整个无信号控制T型交叉口的通行能力计算方法.结果表明,以当量人群描述非机动车和行人对机动车通行的共同影响计算过程简单,符合我国城市道路交叉口非机动车和行人多的实际情况.     

基于MATLAB与LabVIEW的回波信号处理与分析

针对MATLAB与LabVIEW软件的不同特性,提出利用编程实现和虚拟实验相结合的方式对某声纳接收到的回波信号进行处理。信号的处理与分析是MATLAB与LabVIEW的强项,用户可以很轻松地构建各种复杂的信号处理与分析系统,操作简便,并且形象直观,大大提高了信号处理与分析的能力、精度和效率。