交通运输行业引进民间资的主要方式探讨

文章在调查分析现有投资政策、交通投融资现状及问题基础上,从交通基础设施建设、交通运输服务业、新兴交通产业发展3个领域,提出了传统融资方式、交通产业基金、争取地方发债、创建交通产业园区、运用委托贷款、依托综合枢纽建设、交通公益基金会、交通资产证券化等8种方式引进民间资本。     

Towards improved port capacity investment decisions under uncertainty: a real options approach

ABSTRACT

Port activity plays an important role in facilitating international trade. Sufficient capacity is indispensable for a port to attract flows to a region and retain them. The capacity decision is the result of a trade-off between investment and waiting costs. Traditional methods to value expansion projects do not deal adequately with managerial flexibility in the face of uncertainty from different sources in the complex port environment. In this paper, real options (RO) models are identified as an alternative method to making project valuations and investment decisions, as they attribute the correct value to managerial flexibility under uncertainty. In order to be able to build and use such RO models for port capacity investment decisions, the sources and implications of uncertainty in the port and the different RO model specifications need to be understood. To this end, both the literature about uncertainty in the port context and the literature about real options models are reviewed in order to provide researchers who want to build their own decision-making models, with the necessary knowledge of both fields. The review makes clear that the complex interactions in and competition between the logistics chains and their actors coming together in ports have significant impacts on port capacity. Uncertainty is also caused by uncertain international trade flows and changes in legislation following new technologies and environmental impacts. An analysis of the components of some general RO models shows how the options of flexible output, investment size and timing are valued by RO models in a setting with demand uncertainty. Moreover, the review presents researchers with insights in how to deal with cooperative and competitive interactions in the chain, time to build, cyclical markets and legislation changes. It also shows how to value the expansion and the phased investment options. The new insights resulting from this review are subsequently combined in a framework that serves as a guideline to build RO models for port capacity investments. Finally, an exemplifying application of the framework is used to build an actual port capacity investment decision model.     

Optimal tank-trailer routing using the ILOG constraint programming – a Taiwan case study

Abstract

This paper investigates the routing of pressurized tank trailers and proposes a scheduling plan which ensures the practical delivery of industrial gases under the objective of reducing transportation costs. Using constraint programming, we solve a combinatorial optimization problem that incorporates both hard and soft constraints for routing and scheduling tank trailers. Hard constraints are resource and safety/regulation constraints, whereas soft constraints are utilization and efficiency constraints. This approach enables tank-trailer routing and scheduling management to consider different combinations of parameters and view the results in ‘real-time.’ The routing and scheduling results based on a case study in Taiwan fulfil the goals of avoiding risks associated with transporting industrial gases, and attaining efficient delivery while conforming to regulations and consistent with good business practice. The results also suggest that significant economies in distribution costs are possible.     

投资项目后评价的应用案例研究

结合企业投资管理中项目后评价的操作经验,阐述项目后评价的内涵、主要内容及实际应用中需关注的要点,最后,针对企业实际投资的项目进行案例研究。     

市政管网共同沟建设分析

随着现代社会经济的高速发展,城市的规模逐渐扩大,将各种市政管线以合理的方式进行集中统筹安排,已是大势所趋,建设共同沟正是解决这一问题的最佳方法。     

铁路建设项目施工阶段投资控制信息系统研究

分析铁路建设项目施工阶段投资控制存在的主要问题,通过建立铁路建设项目施工阶段的合同管理信息模型、验工计价管理信息模型、变更管理信息模型和投资与进度关联模型,构建铁路建设项目施工阶段投资控制信息系统,加强铁路施工阶段的投资管理.     

A DYNAMICAL SYSTEM ALGORITHM FOR SOLVING A LEAST SQUARES PROBLEM WITH ORTHOGONALITY CONSTRAINTS

Introduction　　 During the past decade,many people havebeen interested in solving problems in optimiza-tion,matrix algebra,signal processing and manyotherfields by dynamical system(neural networks)algorithms[1～ 3 ] .The significance benefit is thatthis kind of algorithms can be realized by someproperly designed hardware (electronic implemen-tation) and thus desired solutions can often be ob-tained in a fast speed,real time algorithms forproblems considered are therefore provided.In thispaper…     

停车场产业政策环境及投资分析

随着汽车产量及保有量飞速增长,各城市停车场供给严重不足,中国停车场产业的发展面临巨大挑战。首先对中国停车场产业市场环境和政策环境进行分析,指出中国停车场投资建设项目享受的优惠政策有限且扶持力度一般。然后,对停车场经营企业的主要业务模式进行归纳,重点对不同投资规模项目进行分析。结果显示：轻资产类型停车场项目对成本控制要求比较严格,毛利率较低,主要依靠规模经济;重资产类型项目对产业政策依赖程度较高,若无足够政策扶持,投资的内部收益水平及投资回收期都难以达到正常投资要求。最后指出,中国停车场产业需要更有效的行业政策支持,特别是商业配套面积扶持。     

公路建设的资金运作模式

公路建设的投融资正在向多渠道发展.在介绍我国公路建设现状的基础上,阐述公路建设资金的主要来源方式,探讨当前投融资体制下公路建设面临的主要问题,指出要建立合理有效的公路市场融资机制,政府还要进一步考虑如何更好地把非公有资本导入公路建设领域.     

用约束力计算Levy型索穹顶初始预应力的方法

提出了一种通过约束力来计算Levy型（葵花型）索穹顶结构初始预应力的方法.选定便于分析的多余约束,用约束力代替约束,根据力的平衡,首先推导了轴对称Levy型索穹顶相邻节点间脊索与斜索共同传递的竖向力及水平力计算公式;然后给出了由竖向力和水平力计算杆件初始预应力的计算公式.初始预应力计算分为两部分：一部分对应约束力为零并承受竖向荷载;一部分对应约束力为P的自平衡预应力.自平衡预应力随约束力P成线性变化,可以通过增加约束力P对应的自平衡预应力水平提高整个索穹顶结构的初始预应力水平,达到满足各种荷载工况下的受力要求.最后,通过算例描述了方法的计算过程并验证了方法的正确性.此方法计算简单,便于结构计算和调整初始预应力值.