地铁运营下钢弹簧浮置板轨道减振分析

计算模型分为两个部分,列车荷载通过多体动力学软件SIMPACK求得.然后,以有限元软件ANSYS为平台,建立了轨道-隧道-大地三维有限元模型.通过谐响应稳态扫频技术,从频域角度分析定点谐荷载下钢弹簧浮置板轨道引起的大地振动;通过瞬态分析,从时域分析列车荷载下引起的大地振动.结论表明:从频域角度来看,钢弹簧浮置板在接近自身固有频率处会引发地面共振,但影响范围不大;对于中高频有着很好的减振效果.从时域的角度来看,钢弹簧浮置板对应的地表振动远小于整体道床,转频域后其轨道振动分布可按谐响应计算结果解释.     

港区水域通航环境综合评价模型研究

针对港区水域通航环境危险度评价指标的权重计算和综合评价问题,运用主客观组合赋权法和距离函数建模法并借助MATLAB工具对多个港区通航环境危险度评价指标的权重进行计算并进行了综合评价.模型应用分析结果表明,该模型能够快速地对多个港口的通航环境做出综合评价,并且评价结果具有稳定性和可靠性.     

通航环境危险度影响因子评价与研究

分析确定了在通航环境中影响船舶安全运输的因子,综合理论与实践确定了各评价因子的分级标准,采用模糊综合评判法和层次分析法建立通航环境安全评价模型、确定了各影响因子的权重,对实现安全高效的海上运输具有重要意义.     

广东省公路基础设施建设资金筹措研究

文中通过分析广东省公路建设资金筹措现状及面临问题,结合广东省实际,提出解决广东省公路建设资金缺口的办法。     

杨木粉无胶温压成形复合材料环境友好性评价

在运用热脱附-气相色谱/质谱(TD-GC/MS)联机技术分析杨木粉末无胶温压成形复合材料在4,60,90和160℃等4个环境温度点的挥发物总离子流图的基础上,采用色谱峰面积归一化法鉴定出杨木粉末基复合材料在各温度下的保留时间及峰面积,进而评价杨木粉末基复合材料的环境友好性。结果表明:在不同温度下,杨木粉末基复合材料挥发物中的有益成分含量明显多于有害成分,在40,60和160℃时,有益成分含量为有害成分含量的6倍以上,90℃时有益成分为有害成分的29倍,环境友好性良好;杨木粉末基复合材料总挥发物种类及有益成分种类、有害成分种类与杨木原粉相应种类大致相当,但有益成分明显增多,有害成分减少,增减幅度较大。说明这类杨木粉末基复合材料不仅无胶温压成形工艺具有环境友好性,且其制品的制备和使用过程都具有环境友好性。     

我国高职教育的发展现状及其对经济的影响分析

作为高等教育的重要组成部分,高职教育近年来得以快速发展,其在人力、财力和物力上的投入不断增加,高职教育的产出缓解了经济发展过程中劳动力供求结构的矛盾,为区域经济的发展提供了技术上的支持和智力上的保障,促进了经济的和谐可持续发展。     

基于分形期权理论的船舶投资决策研究

船舶作为航运企业最重要的生产资料,其前期的投资决策分析至关重要.一直以来,船舶投资风险价值的计算是困扰人们的问题之一,实物期权理论与B-S定价模型的发展为其提供了一个解决办法.但B-S 定价模型中最重要的假设条件是资产价格波动符合正态分布,这与现实差距较大.本文以分形分布条件代替B-S定价模型中正态分布的假设,建立起分形期权定价模型,并利用BDI价格指数进行实证分析.结果证明BDI对数收益率序列的H指数大于0.5,说明BDI收益具有较强记忆性,呈现尖峰胖尾特征.在此条件下,以传统B-S定价模型计算出的船舶投资实物期权价值大于分形期权价值,说明其高估了船舶投资的管理柔性价值,这会使投资者产生盲目乐观心理,进而增大投资决策风险.     

Do changes in neighborhood characteristics lead to changes in travel behavior? A structural equations modeling approach

Suburban sprawl has been widely criticized for its contribution to auto dependence. Numerous studies have found that residents in suburban neighborhoods drive more and walk less than their counterparts in traditional environments. However, most studies confirm only an association between the built environment and travel behavior, and have yet to establish the predominant underlying causal link: whether neighborhood design independently influences travel behavior or whether preferences for travel options affect residential choice. That is, residential self-selection may be at work. A few studies have recently addressed the influence of self-selection. However, our understanding of the causality issue is still immature. To address this issue, this study took into account individuals’ self-selection by employing a quasi-longitudinal design and by controlling for residential preferences and travel attitudes. In particular, using data collected from 547 movers currently living in four traditional neighborhoods and four suburban neighborhoods in Northern California, we developed a structural equations model to investigate the relationships among changes in the built environment, changes in auto ownership, and changes in travel behavior. The results provide some encouragement that land-use policies designed to put residents closer to destinations and provide them with alternative transportation options will actually lead to less driving and more walking.

Modeling residential sorting effects to understand the impact of the built environment on commute mode choice

This paper presents an examination of the significance of residential sorting or self selection effects in understanding the impacts of the built environment on travel choices. Land use and transportation system attributes are often treated as exogenous variables in models of travel behavior. Such models ignore the potential self selection processes that may be at play wherein households and individuals choose to locate in areas or built environments that are consistent with their lifestyle and transportation preferences, attitudes, and values. In this paper, a simultaneous model of residential location choice and commute mode choice that accounts for both observed and unobserved taste variations that may contribute to residential self selection is estimated on a survey sample extracted from the 2000 San Francisco Bay Area household travel survey. Model results show that both observed and unobserved residential self selection effects do exist; however, even after accounting for these effects, it is found that built environment attributes can indeed significantly impact commute mode choice behavior. The paper concludes with a discussion of the implications of the model findings for policy planning.

人机工程学在防暴车设计中的应用

防暴车是警察处置规模性暴乱、骚乱时使用的特种车辆,配置多种特种装备。为了使操作者能迅速、准确地操纵这些装备,减少或避免操作差错和事故发生,提高工作效率和战斗力,对人-机-环界面设计提出了不同于民用乘坐车辆的要求。因此,从人体感知与运动特性出发,结合人的心理与行为特征,科学的应用人体测量数据,构造了良好的人-机-环界面。从车辆内部空间布局、控制台及操纵装置的设计、车辆内部照明等环节给出了设计参考数据。