Modeling and optimizing urban bus transit considering headway variation for cost and service reliability analysis

Due to the stochastic nature of traffic conditions and demand fluctuations, it is a challenging task for operators to maintain reliable services, and passengers often suffer from longer travel times. A failure to consider this issue while planning bus services may lead to undesirable results, such as higher costs and a deterioration in level of service. Considering headway variation at route stops, this paper develops a mathematical model to optimize bus stops and dispatching headways that minimize total cost, consisting of both user and operator costs. A Genetic Algorithm is applied to search for a cost-effective solution in a real-world case study of a bus transit system, which improves service reliability in terms of a reduced coefficient of variation of headway.     

改进型PID算法在调距桨控制系统中的应用

调距桨控制系统在调整螺距时,为避免高工况时频繁调距和大幅度增减螺距指令带来的超调,提出改进型PID控制算法设计,并进行实船验证。应用结果表明,改进型PID算法可以有效的降低高工况的调距频率和抑制螺距指令剧变带来的控制系统超调。     

基于量子行为遗传算法的船体局部结构优化设计

采用遗传算法解决船舶复杂结构中混合设计变量优化问题时,其效果很有效,且能获得全局最优可行解。然而,简单遗传算法局部搜索能力差且易于早熟。为了提高对船舶复杂结构设计变量解空间的搜索能力,该文设计了一种基于二进制编码的适用于混合变量的量子行为遗传算法,比较适合于复杂函数的全局寻优,且搜索能力优于标准遗传算法。通过三个算例对算法的寻优能力进行测试,实验结果表明,采用量子行为遗传算法进行的船体局部结构优化设计具有较好的计算质量与计算效率。     

Development of port service network in OBOR via capacity sharing: an idea from Zhejiang province in China

The ‘Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road’ (One Belt One Road, OBOR) strategy initiated by the Chinese government has a significant impact on the business and logistics modes which involves Asia, Europe, Africa, and their adjacent seas. Many countries and ports are developing new strategies that are suitable for this economic environment. Compared with many ports in the world, the ports in Zhejiang province of China have a novel property. In addition to Ningbo-Zhoushan port, there are several other sea ports and river ports in that province. In this paper, we propose a concept of port service network that consists of a huge hub and multiple ports. Ports of small and medium sizes can share their capacities of different types of port service with the hub when the service capacities are integrated into the network. We develop a mixed integer nonlinear programming model to determine the optimal decisions in such a network with constraints on the budget to conduct integration. An optimization algorithm incorporated with a genetic algorithm is developed to solve large size problems. We provide managerial insights on the policies of government, including expanding port capacity, reducing fixed integration cost, and providing better financial condition.     

船体肋骨成型检测型线配准算法

船体肋骨数字化检测系统在进行船体肋骨完工检测时,需要进行肋骨型线测量点云与理论点云的数模配准。为改善配准效率和精度,提出一种船体肋骨型线配准算法,具体步骤包括点云粗配准、第一次ICP配准、测量点云偏置和第二次ICP配准。该算法已应用到船体肋骨成型数字化检测设备中,能够提升肋骨成型检测效率和精度,是实现船体构件加工成型智能制造的重要环节。     

基于改进Apriori算法的船用柴油机装配工艺文件关联规则挖掘研究

柴油机作为船舶关键部件之一,其装配工艺设计的合理与否与船舶的整体性能直接相关。针对企业历史装配工艺文件不能充分为新机型装配任务发布时装配工艺设计提供支撑的问题,提出一个基于关联规则挖掘的柴油机装配工艺规则挖掘系统,该系统充分利用已有装配工艺文件,结合数据挖掘技术,对文件进行挖掘分析,建立装配规则库,为后续装配工艺智能设计提供数据支持。本文提出一种改进的Apriori算法,建立了关联规则挖掘的数学模型和基于自定义词典装配工艺文件分词算法,将分词处理过后的文件可以作为数据挖掘算法的输入,并在传统Apriori算法的基础上提出一种改进的Apriori算法,该算法核心思想是在对候选频繁事务集剪枝时,降低算法的时间复杂度,从而提高挖掘效率直到获得柴油机装配工艺文件中的关联规则。最后以某船厂的历史机型柴油机气缸盖装配工艺文件为例,验证了改进Apriori算法在挖掘柴油装配工艺文件关联规则时的可行性和有效性。     

无人艇自主避障算法设计与仿真

文章针对无人艇全局路径规划航线上可能存在未知静态障碍物,影响其安全航行的问题,提出加装超声波传感器和罗盘,分别用于测量无人艇航行过程中与障碍物的距离信息和偏航角,作为无人艇运动控制器的输入。同时设计了包含岸基和船载的无人艇运动控制系统,采用模糊控制算法实现自主避障功能,依靠专家经验制定无人艇运动控制规则,依据航速和传感器探测距离设计隶属度函数,Matlab仿真路径有效避开了障碍物,得到了安全的航行路径,验证了算法有效性。     

用遗传算法解决固定需求交通平衡分配问题

为了提高交通量预测模型的可靠性,利用遗传算法的结构并行性将其用于求解固定需求交通平衡分配问题中。算法设计中采用多维并行交叉、变化的交叉率与变异率、优先策略及目标函数加惩罚项等改进措施,从而大大提高计算速度,减少了交通分配的时间,降低了分配的复杂性,为交通分配问题开创了一条新的途径,同时显示出遗传算法在交通规划中潜在的实用前景。     

基于多目标粒子群优化算法的某轻型商用车操纵稳定性优化研究

针对某轻型商用车稳态回转时侧倾度偏大的问题对其悬架进行优化改进。基于ADAMS/car搭建整车多体动力学模型,通过前悬架反向平行轮跳试验、后悬架理论计算验证了悬架仿真模型的准确性。进行整车稳态回转工况和转向盘中间位置转向工况仿真分析,结果表明,车身侧倾度偏高。为实现操纵稳定性优化分析的流程自动化,提出了基于modeFRONTIER的联合仿真方法。以悬架设计参数为优化变量,以汽车的侧倾度与横摆角速度响应滞后时间为优化目标,采用拉丁超立方试验设计方法拟合得到混合代理模型,并结合多目标粒子群优化算法对悬架系统进行多目标优化,获得了悬架系统优化方案。优化结果显示,在不影响平顺性的前提下,汽车车身侧倾度降低了13.93%,横摆角速度响应滞后时间降低了2.75%,整车操纵稳定性得到了提升。     

航空收益管理中多航段舱位控制模型

为了优化多航段舱位控制,提高航空客运收益,将旅客始一终点流按票价由高到低排序,定义旅客始一终点流为决策变量,以各始一终点流需求为约束条件,以航线期望总收益为目标函数,建立了多航段舱位控制问题的随机规划模型,设计了模型求解遗传算法。算例分析结果表明,收益计算结果最大误差为0．34％,结果稳定,模型可行。