论神经元再生现象的科学认识论意蕴

本从神经元再生这一新的医学发现出发，阐述了神经元再生现象对以稳定神经结构为基础的科学认识论带来的挑战，并就它对人的大脑可塑性、人工智能的拓展及传统认知观念的更新所具有的意义进行了多角度的分析。论力图表明：神经科学的新发现必然会不断地粉碎陈旧的思维定势所设置的障碍，改变我们对世界的看法，推动哲学观念的变革。     

ARTIFICIAL IMMUNE ALGORITHM OF MULTICELLULAR GROUP AND ITS CONVERGENCE

Objective To find out more extrema simultaneously including global optimum and multiple local optima existed in multi-modal functions. Methods Germinal center is the generator and selector of high-affinity B cells, a multicellular group＇s artificial immune algorithm was proposed based on the germinal center reaction mechanism of natural immune systems. Main steps of the algorithm were given, including hyper-mutation, selection, memory, similarity suppression and recruitment of B cells and the convergence of it was proved. Results The algorithm has been tested to optimize various multi-modal functions, and the simulation results show that the artificial immune algorithm proposed here can find multiple extremum of these functions with lower computational cost. Conclusion The algorithm is valid and can converge on the satisfactory solution set D with probability 1 and approach to global solution and many local optimal solutions existed.     

THE STUDY OF MICROSATELLITES ALTERATION IN DIAGNOSES OF BLADDER CANCER

Objective To investigate the possibility of microsatellite alteration （MA） in diagnosis of bladder cancer of Chinese people, and find the better panel which will be used in clinic. Methods A total of 6 and 10 microsatellite markers were chosen, PCR-SSLP silver staining assay was performed in 31 and 32 bladder cancers tissue, exfoliate cells in urine and 10, 15 non-bladder cancers exfoliate cells in urine, respectively. Results MA （＋） was found in 28 out of 31, 30 out of 32 bladder cancers, and the sensitivity was 90. 3%, 93.7% respectively. The MA of urine sediment of 25 non-bladder cancers was negative, and the specificity was 100%. The cytology was carried out among 19 out of 31, 20 out of 32 bladder cancers at the same time, 2 cases （10.3%） and 3 cases （15%） were found cancer positive, and the sensitivity is significantly lower than that by the analysis of MA in exfoliated cells. Conclusion MA was not associated with grade and stage of the bladder cancer. MA assay is a sensitive and effective method for the early detection of bladder cancer and post-operation surveillance.     

siRNA AGAINST SURVIVIN SUPPRESSES THE PROLIFERATION OF PANCREATIC CANCER CELL PC-2 AND INDUCES ITS APOPTOSIS

Survivinis a member of the inhibitor of apop-tosis family,whichinhibits cell apoptosis and regu-lates cell division.Survivin is expressed in embry-onic tissues as well as in the majority of humancancers,but is not expressed in most nor mal adulttissues.The highly cancer-specific expression ofSurvivin,coupled withits i mportance in inhibitingcell apoptosis and in regulating cell division,makesit a useful diagnostic marker and ideal target forcancer treat ment[1].RNAi is a process of post trans…     

α-干扰素对慢性髓细胞白血病来源的树突状细胞的免疫调节作用(Ⅱ)

目的　于慢性髓细胞白血病 (CML)来源的树突状细胞 (DCs)的无血清培养基中 ,加入α 干扰素 (IFN α) ,观察IFN α对CML DCs表达Fas/FasL的影响 ,以及体外IFN α合并DCs瘤苗对CML祖细胞的抑制作用。方法　CML DCs的培养基中除加入SCF、GM CSF、TNF α及IL 4外 ,还加入IFN α。培养 10～ 14d ,鉴定细胞免疫表型、Ph1染色体比例和混合淋巴细胞反应 ,流式细胞仪检测细胞表达Fas/FasL比例 ,碘化丙锭 (PI)染色分析细胞凋亡 ,ELISA法测上清液sFas含量 ,甲基纤维素半固体集落培养法鉴定IFN α加DCs瘤苗对CML的CFU GEMM的体外抑制作用。结果　加入IFN α后 ,CML DC免疫表型及刺激T细胞增殖能力均显著改善 ;CML DCsFas的表达上调 ,sFas含量却下降 ,FasL表达阴性 ;PI染色显示亚二倍体峰的数值升高 ,即凋亡比增加。IFN α合并DCs瘤苗组对CML的CFU GEMM体外抑制作用优于IFN α组或DCs瘤苗组。结论　IFN α在改善CML DCs免疫表型及功能的同时 ,亦可通过Fas途径促进Ph1阳性细胞凋亡。IFN α与DCs瘤苗有协同作用 ,体外二者联合应用对CML祖细胞有明显的抑制作用。     

中药安迪粉针剂对离体肿瘤细胞的细胞毒作用

目的　观察以蟾酥和人参为主要配方的中药粉针剂安迪 (Andi)对肿瘤细胞的药物毒性作用。方法　采用MTT法测定Andi对 3株人肿瘤细胞的细胞生长曲线、细胞存活率 (SR)和细胞倍增时间 (TD) ;观察Andi对ECA 10 9细胞生长的时效关系。克隆计数法检测不同浓度Andi对ECA 10 9细胞在含氧和乏氧状态下的生存分数 (SF) ,计算其乏氧细胞毒性比 (HCR)和半数抑制浓度 (IC50 )。结果　①Andi组和对照组对ECA 10 9、HepG2、SGC 790 1细胞的TD 分别为 118.72、12 3.0 8、4 0 .17h和 4 6 .12、4 0 .17、19.6 7h ;Andi组的SR分别为对照组的 33.33%、5 0 .5 4 %、36 .88%。② 12 .5 0、2 5 .0 0、5 0 .0 0 μg·mL- 1 Andi对ECA 10 9细胞在有氧和乏氧环境中的SF分别为 1.34、0 .97、0 .2 5和 0 .96、0 .2 7、0 .18。③Andi在乏氧环境中能抑制ECA 10 9细胞的生长 ,其作用大小与Andi浓度及作用时间呈正相关。④在有氧和乏氧下Andi的IC50 分别为 39.6 0 μg·mL- 1 和 2 3.5 0 μg·mL- 1 ,HCR为 2 .0 2。结论　Andi对多种人肿瘤细胞具有乏氧细胞毒作用 ,其程度与Andi的浓度和作用时间呈正相关     

小儿肾病综合征红细胞膜电荷变化

观测３６例肾病综合征（ＮｅｐｈｒｏｔｉｃＳｙｎｄｒｏｍｅ，ＮＳ）患儿红细胞（ＲＢＣ）膜电荷量及１８例ＮＳ患儿ＲＢＣ表面涎酸含量的变化。结果表明，ＮＳ患儿ＲＢＣ膜ＡＢ结合量较正常儿童明显降低（Ｐ＜０．００１）；表面涎酸含量与正常儿童相比无显著性差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。提示：ＮＳ时ＲＢＣ膜电荷呈“功能性”降低；ＮＳ患儿尿蛋白量与其ＲＢＣ膜电荷量呈负相关（ｒ＝－０．５３４，Ｐ＜０．００１）。     

THE CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF PERCENT FREE PSA IN DIFFERENTIATING PROSTATE CANCER AND BENIGN PROSTATE HYPERPLASIA

rostatecancer (Pca)isoneofthecommonestmalignanttumorsofmaleinEuropeandAmerica .ThemorbidityofPcainourcountryismuchlowerthaninothercountries,butrecentlyitwasincreasedtotwofold[1] .Althoughtheprostatespecificantigen(PSA)isthemostusefultumormarkeravailableforthediagnosisofPca ,nevertheless ,lackssufficientsensitivityandspecificity .Peoplenow putforwardtheconceptofpercentfreePSA (fPSA)andhasbe comethenewdirectionofinvestigation .However ,therestillhavesomeproblemunclearatpresent,es peciallyt…     

促凋亡蛋白Caspase-3与白血病细胞耐药的相关性

目的观察阿霉素(ADR)耐药的人慢性粒细胞白血病细胞株K562/AO2在ADR和雄黄作用下细胞活力、凋亡及加入Caspase-3抑制剂前后Caspase-3酶活性的变化,探讨促凋亡蛋白Caspase-3与白血病细胞耐药的关系。方法①四甲基偶氮唑盐法(MTT)测定药物作用下细胞株的细胞活力(A值);②DNA琼脂糖凝胶电泳观察凋亡细胞的DNA断裂情况;③酶显色活性分析法(CAA)测定Caspase-3活性水平的变化。结果①MTT法:K562/AO2细胞的A值与雄黄呈时间、剂量依赖关系。②雄黄作用组有凋亡发生。③未加抑制剂组Caspase-3活性明显升高(P<0.05),对雄黄呈时间、剂量依赖关系,加入抑制剂后此关系消失,对ADR无此关系。结论Caspase-3酶活性水平的变化能显著影响药物诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡的能力,在肿瘤耐药的发生发展中起着重要的作用。     

胃癌中内分泌细胞及其意义

应用免疫组化ABC法对48例胃癌进行胃泌素、生长抑素、胰高血糖素标记。结果胃泌素阳性14例（29．2％），生长抑素阳性9例（18．7％），两者均阳性者6例（12．5％）。未分化腺癌中内分泌细胞阳性率较高分化腺癌高。胃泌素阳性组其浆膜浸润率13／14例（92．9％），淋巴结转移率11／14例（78．5％），明显高于阴性组（P<0.01）。生长抑素阳性组浆膜浸润率6／9例（66．7％），淋巴结转移率4／9例（44．4％），与阴性组相比均无明显差异（P＞0．05），提示胃泌素有促进癌细胞生长的作用，癌细胞生长愈活跃，其侵袭能力愈强，转移率愈高。