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841.
A potential solution to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the transport sector is the use of alternative fuel vehicles (AFV). As global GHG emission standards have been in place for passenger cars for several years, infrastructure modelling for new AFV is an established topic. However, as the regulatory focus shifts towards heavy-duty vehicles (HDV), the market diffusion of AFV-HDV will increase as will planning the relevant AFV infrastructure for HDV. Existing modelling approaches need to be adapted, because the energy demand per individual refill increases significantly for HDV and there are regulatory as well as technical limitations for alternative fuel station (AFS) capacities at the same time. While the current research takes capacity restrictions for single stations into account, capacity limits for locations (i.e. nodes) – the places where refuelling stations are built such as highway entries, exits or intersections – are not yet considered. We extend existing models in this respect and introduce an optimal development for AFS considering (station) location capacity restrictions. The proposed method is applied to a case study of a potential fuel cell heavy-duty vehicle AFS network. We find that the location capacity limit has a major impact on the number of stations required, station utilization and station portfolio variety. 相似文献
842.
This paper investigates the optimal deployment of static and dynamic charging infrastructure considering the interdependency between transportation and power networks. Static infrastructure means plug-in charging stations, while the dynamic counterpart refers to electrified roads or charging lanes enabled by charging-while-driving technology. A network equilibrium model is first developed to capture the interactions among battery electric vehicles’ (BEVs) route choices, charging plans, and the prices of electricity. A mixed-integer bi-level program is then formulated to determine the deployment plan of charging infrastructure to minimize the total social cost of the coupled networks. Numerical examples are provided to demonstrate travel and charging plans of BEV drivers and the competitiveness of static and dynamic charging infrastructure. The numerical results on three networks suggest that (1) for individual BEV drivers, the choice between using charging lanes and charging stations is more sensitive to parameters including value of travel time, service fee markup, and battery size, but less sensitive to the charging rates and travel demand; (2) deploying more charging lanes is favorable for transportation networks with sparser topology while more charging stations can be more preferable for those denser networks. 相似文献
843.
FPSO (floating, production, storage and offloading) units are widely used in the offshore oil and gas industry. Generally, FPSOs have excellent oil storage capacity owing to their huge oil cargo holds. The volume and distribution of stored oil in the cargo holds influence the strain level of hull girder, especially at critical positions of FPSO. However, strain prediction using structural analysis tools is computationally expensive and time consuming. In this study, a prediction tool based on back-propagation (BP) neural network called GAIFOA-BP is proposed to predict the strain values of concerned positions of an FPSO model under different oil storage conditions. The GAIFOA-BP combines BP model and GAIFOA which is a combination of genetic algorithm (GA) and an improved fruit fly optimization algorithm (IFOA). Results from three benchmark tests show that the GAIFOA-BP model has a remarkable performance. Subsequently, a total of 81 sets of training data and 25 sets of testing data are obtained from experiment using fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors installed on the surface of an FPSO model. The numerical results show that the GAIFOA-BP is capable of predicting the strain values with higher accuracy as compared with other BP models. Finally, the reserved GAIFOA-BP model is utilized to predict the strain values under the inputs of a 10-day time series of volume and distribution of stored oil. The predicted strain results are further used to calculate the fatigue consumption of measurement points. 相似文献
844.
Standard design procedures and simulation tools for marine structures are aimed primarily for use by the offshore oil and gas. Mooring system restoring forces acting on floating offshore structures are obtained from a quasi-static mooring model alone or from a coupled analysis based on potential flow solvers that do not always consider nonlinear mooring-induced restoring forces, fluid structure interactions, and associated hydrodynamic damping effects. This paper presents the validation of a dynamic mooring system analysis technique that couples the dynamic mooring model with a Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations solver. We coupled a dynamic mooring model with a RANS equations solver, and analyzed a moored floating buoy in calm water, regular and irregular waves and validated our motion and mooring force predictions against experimental measurements. The mooring system consisted of three catenary chains. The analyzed response comprised decaying oscillating buoy motions, linear and quadratic damping characteristics, and tensile forces in mooring lines. The generally favorable comparison of predicted buoy motions and mooring forces to experimental data confirmed the reliability of our implemented coupling technique to predict system response. Additional comparative results from a potential flow solver demonstrated the benefits of the coupled dynamic mooring model with RANS equations. The successful validated tool of coupling the dynamic mooring model with the RANS solver is available as open source, and it shows the potential of the coupled methodology to be used for analyzing the moored offshore structures. 相似文献
845.
文章简要介绍了混合动力汽车和智能网联技术的研究现状,阐明了混合动力汽车与智能网联技术相结合的意义.着重论述了在智能网联环境下混合动力汽车进行能量管理的优势以及混合动力汽车实现智能网联的技术要求,最后对未来二者的依托发展进行了展望. 相似文献
846.
847.
以东方枢纽浦东机场T3航站楼和上海东站的集疏运道路系统设计为例,详细介绍两个项目的工程概况、项目特点以及设计思路。通过对这两个项目的深入分析,总结出大型枢纽集疏运系统设计的思路,即以更高的通行效率、更高的安全性、更高的容错性为前提,结合实际项目开展大型枢纽集疏运系统的设计工作,基于设计原则,通过优化道路布局、合理组织交通流线、充分考虑与相邻工程的衔接,并制定科学的施工期间交通组织方案,以有效提高大型枢纽集疏运系统的通行效率和安全性。形成的规划理念与设计原则,可为国内同类型综合交通枢纽的体系构建、功能整合及多式联运组织提供思路指引,推进新型交通基础设施的集约化、智能化发展。 相似文献
848.
采用长江口4条入海汊道3个月的水文测验资料,研究长江口的盐度分布格局和盐淡水混合情况,运用分层系数法和混合比法对长江口实测盐度数据进行分析。结果表明:北支汊道的盐度最高,洪、枯变幅大,全年均为垂向均匀混合型;南支3条汊道盐度从高到低依次为南槽、北槽、北港;盐淡水混合强度从高到低依次为南槽、北槽、北港,这与长江口北港分流量大于北槽、北槽分流量大于南槽的格局相对应;枯季的混合强度大于洪季,大潮的混合强度大于小潮。盐淡水的混合强度呈周期性变化,涨急前后垂向混合程度最大,涨潮的混合强度高于落潮时的混合强度。 相似文献
849.
地铁道岔尖轨是道岔实现转换功能的主要部件之一,尖轨线型不良不仅使列车产生晃动,也会影响与基本轨的正常靠贴和自由状态平面位置。尖轨与基本轨靠贴时存在离缝、卡阻和尖轨原始位置不准,会使尖轨失去稳定刚度和增大道岔锁闭“框动”、转换动力以及出现转换反弹现象,继而恶化通号转辙设备的工况,影响道岔的正常使用。由此,轨道专业人士应高度重视尖轨的线型控制。在实践的基础上,认真分析尖轨从生产制造、运输、存放、上道使用过程中线型发生不良变化的成因,提出相应对策措施;并介绍尖轨线型的检测复核和矫正手段。其中,首次倡导“一弦矢距法”检测复核整根尖轨线型的现状,特别针对曲线型尖轨,通过建立数学模型计算得到“一弦”条件下尖轨各检测点理论矢距值,为尖轨上道前进行预矫正提供了依据,这对地铁停运后的有限时间天窗内圆满完成尖轨更换作业意义重大。 相似文献
850.