圆砾夹层地质条件下钻孔灌注桩成桩工艺

针对钻孔灌注桩在湿陷性黄土和圆砾夹层中钻进和灌注过程中可能出现的问题,经过方案比选,确定合理的施工工艺,并对施工工艺进行详细介绍。     

GPS与AutoCAD在山区高速公路征地中的应用

主要通过实例介绍GPS技术与AutoCAD技术在山区高速公路征地放样工作的高效、精确、图例可视化成果,并对GPS作业困难地段的测量方法做了些许探讨。     

黄土地区地铁施工地层参数敏感性分析

针对黄土地区某地铁区间隧道盾构施工引起地层沉降位移,通过FLAC3D三维有限差分软件,模拟了实际地层条件及盾构施工方法,分析了地层的弹性模量、黏聚力、摩擦角对地表沉降的影响。研究得到了黄土地层弹性模量、黏聚力、摩擦角对数值仿真运算的影响范围,对工程的设计和施工起到了一定的指导意义。     

砂性地层中盾构泥浆粗粒材料对成膜效果的影响

为了解决泥水盾构工程中高透水地层开挖面上泥膜形成困难的问题,从改善泥浆成膜性能的角度出发,在泥浆中添加轻质砂作为粗粒材料,开展加砂泥浆在砂性地层中的渗透成膜试验研究。改变泥浆中粗粒材料的粒径和添加量,测定不同加载条件下的成膜滤失量。根据成膜时间和冲破压力等成膜指标,分析粗粒材料对泥膜形成效果和修复能力的影响,探明加砂泥浆的成膜空间分布特征,揭示粗粒材料在不同孔隙尺寸的砂性地层中的堵塞机制。结果表明：泥浆粗粒材料可有效堵塞地层孔隙并提高成膜效率,提高泥膜冲破压力和修复能力;泥膜形成区域可以分为前端扩散区、初始形成区及后端形成区,初始形成区和后端形成区的泥膜承担了大部分水土压力;粗粒材料粒径与地层孔隙直径的比值关系决定了初始形成区的分布区域、分布形态及发展方向;粒径较小的粗粒材料（0.3 mm或0.5 mm）与泥浆颗粒能产生良好的协同作用,形成稳定的架桥结构,泥膜更为致密,质量较好;而添加粒径较大的粗粒材料（0.75 mm或1.0 mm）将产生较大的滤失量,或者难以形成泥膜;加砂泥浆的成膜效率随着粗粒材料添加量的增加而大幅提高,但添加量增加到一定程度后,这种提升效果显著减弱。特定粒径的粗粒材料具有一定的适用范围,因此需要根据地层孔隙特征合理选取粗粒材料的粒径和添加量以达到最佳的成膜效果。     

基于驾驶模拟器的雾天驾驶行为特性研究

在不同指令和速度反馈机制下进行了分组试验,模拟分析500,200,80,50和30 m能见度下驾驶速度选择和车道保持特性。结果表明：随着能见度的降低,车辆速度呈先升高后降低的趋势,实际速度与期望速度不匹配;除30 m能见度外,能见度降低未对驾驶员车道保持能力产生影响;80 m能见度下平均车速和车道保持率最高。     

The Role of Spatial Data Management Strategies in ICZM in Ireland

This article explores how a fresh approach to integrated coastal zone management (ICZM) in Ireland might be forged through the identification of a number of key innovative cross-sectoral professional initiatives and interdisciplinary academic thinking in this sector. It includes three interlinked research themes that assess existing cross-sectoral data management issues (to include an assessment of readiness for the INSPIRE and compliance with the Re-use of Public Sector Information European Union Directives), the degree of cross-pollination between the various sectors involved in managing the Irish Coastal Zone (to identify the need (or otherwise) for capacity- building to encourage cross-fertilization of ideas, skills, and knowledge exchange), and cross-professional competencies (to assess the desire/need (if any) for those working in coastal zone management to add to their existing competencies through continuous professional development or lifelong learning opportunities). Indeed, the specific competencies for coastal practitioners are identified here and these further illustrate the need for professional recognition of the role, responsibilities, and therefore the requirement for an appropriately qualified “Coastal Manager” professional, one that is seen not merely as a nicety but rather a necessity—a core enabler in any future innovative and integrative management approach.     

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构建了TOD模式下城市轨道交通与土地利用的协调关系评价指标体系,通过修正的数据包络分析（DEA）方法对城市轨道交通与沿线土地利用的协调关系进行了评价与排序.将不同输入、输出指标进行均值化处理,通过分析不同指标间的松弛变量和剩余变量,得出各个指标对城市轨道交通与土地利用协调发展的影响程度.根据DEA有效前沿面投影理论,提出DEA无效决策单元实现协调发展时应达到的标准,为无效决策单元的改进提供了参考.以美国阿勒格尼为案例进行分析,结果表明：该评价方法分析结果与实际情况一致,能够较好地评价城市轨道交通与土地利用的协调关系.     

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以铁路为主导的综合交通枢纽是国家综合运输网络体系中的重要节点,同时也是城市交通网络的重要组成部分.本文以铁路为主导的大型综合交通枢纽为研究对象,选取与北京具有较强可比性的世界城市东京作为对比,在研究两个城市空间圈层结构划分及相应交通体系的基础上,系统梳理了东京综合交通枢纽的发展历程,并从综合交通枢纽与城市功能布局的协调关系、综合交通枢纽与周边土地利用的关系以及综合交通枢纽的精细化设计等方面,分析了东京综合交通枢纽的特点及北京综合交通枢纽发展中存在的差距.最后,结合北京城市空间结构调整及未来城市交通发展的需求,从理念、规划和建设等层面提出了北京综合交通枢纽发展的几点建议.     

Solving train formation problem using simulated annealing algorithm in a simplex framework

The train formation plan (TFP) determines the train services and their frequencies and assigns the demands. The TFP models are often formulated as a capacitated service network design problem, and the optimal solution is normally difficult to find. In this paper, a hybrid algorithm of the Simplex method and simulated annealing is proposed for the TFP problem. The basic idea of the proposed algorithm is to use a simulated annealing algorithm to explore the solution space, where the revised Simplex method evaluates, selects, and implements the moves. In the proposed algorithm, the neighborhood structure is based on the pivoting rules of the Simplex method that provides an efficient method to reach the neighbors of the current solution. A state‐of‐the‐art method is applied for parameters tuning by using the design of experiments approach. To evaluate the proposed model and the solution method, 25 test problems have been simulated and solved. The results show the efficiency and the effectiveness of the proposed approach. The proposed approach is implemented to develop the TFP in the Iranian railway as a case study. It is possible to save significant time and cost through solving the TFP problem by using the proposed algorithm and developing the efficient TFP plan in the railway networks. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.