基于MAPGIS的公路临时用地复垦适宜性评价分析

土地复垦是土地开发整理的重要组成部分,是我国现阶段实现耕地总量动态平衡的重要途径.主要基于MAPGIS软件,对高速公路临时用地复垦进行适宜性评价,通过空间叠加分析和缓冲区分析以及属性数据库建立实现信息查询,从而为合理复垦、有效利用土地资源提供科学依据,避免盲目性、破坏性,增强科学性、现实性,使有限的土地资源得以可持续利...     

The effects of social networks on choice set dynamics: Results of numerical simulations using an agent-based approach

Activity-based analysis has slowly shifted gear from the analysis of daily activity patterns to the analysis and modeling of dynamic activity-travel patterns. In this paper, we address one type of dynamics: the formation and adaptation of location choice sets under influence of dyad relationships within social networks. It extends the dynamic model developed in earlier work, which simulates habitual behavior versus exploitation and exploration as a function of discrepancies between dynamic, context-dependent aspiration levels and expected outcomes. Principles of social comparison and knowledge transfer are used in modeling the impact of social networks through information exchange, adaptations of spatial choice sets and formation of common aspiration levels. We demonstrate model properties using numerical simulation with a case study of shopping activities.     

航母编队受到的敌空袭威胁扇面大小预测模型

研究航母编队在防空作战中受到的敌空袭威胁扇面对航母编队兵力编成和防空兵力阵位配置具有重要意义.从航母编队受到的威胁扇面影响参数的定义人手,首先分析了影响敌空袭威胁扇面大小的主要因素,然后在假定敌空袭武器射程小于航母编队预警距离的情况下,提供了航母编队受到的敌空袭威胁扇面大小的预测方法,建立了计算威胁扇面大小的数学模型,...     

公铁货流转移下铁路车流径路与列车编组计划联合优化

促进更多货流从公路转移到铁路是实现“双碳”目标的重要路径之一，也是推动铁路高质量发展的关键举措。鉴于此，本文以公铁货流转移量、铁路车流径路选择及编组去向等为主要决策变量，以公铁两网物流总成本极小化为目标，构建公铁货流转移量与铁路车流径路及列车编组计划联合优化模型，实现“公转铁”货流全过程、多阶段运输费用的数学表达，得到系统优化的OD间公铁货流转移量、车流走行径路和改编站点。针对模型的非线性特征，引入辅助0-1变量进行线性化，将其转化为混合整数线性规划模型，为验证模型有效性设计算例，借助数学规划优化器GUROBI进行求解。结果表明，模型可为公铁货流转移方案配置合理的接驳路径和列车编组方案；相较于既有研究，本文构建模型考虑了公铁两端的接驳转运费用和铁路车流集结与改编费用，使得“公转铁”物流总成本增加了约23.06%，转移货流量降低了约4.91%，更准确地描述了公铁货流转移过程，为制定“公转铁”运输方案和组织措施提供一定的理论依据。     

Optimal housing supply in a bid-rent equilibrium framework

In this study, we examine how the spatial distribution of housing supply impacts people’s residential choices and developers’ profitability. By optimally providing housing supply in a region, developers attempt to maximize their profits; on the other hand, if residents were given a chance to decide on housing supply, what patterns of housing supply they would prefer in order to maximize their consumer surpluses. This paper studies the interplay between these two perspectives. A nested multinomial-logit choice structure that encapsulates the bid-rent process is used to capture residents’ location and travel choices simultaneously, and the resultant rents at different locations. To investigate the optimal housing supply for these two stakeholders, we conduct sensitivity analyzes to explore the impact of different housing supply patterns on total rental profit and total consumer surplus. Specifically, analytical results are derived for a simple linear network with two residential locations and one destination under homogeneous and heterogeneous value(s) of time. The results of the sensitivity analyzes indicate that segregation of housing supplies at different locations for different income classes is, surprisingly, a “preferred” outcome by residents under consumer surplus maximization, whereas creating housing supply shortages at convenient locations is a natural outcome under housing profit maximization. These results provide insights on revealing the differences and tradeoffs in performance between these two different perspectives, and on where land use regulations may be needed to balance these two objectives.     

Open PFLOW: Creation and evaluation of an open dataset for typical people mass movement in urban areas

Understanding people flow at a citywide level is critical for urban planning and commercial development. Thanks to the ubiquity of human location tracking devices, many studies on people mass movement with mobility logs have been conducted. However, high cost and severe privacy policy constraints still complicate utilization of these data in practice. There is no dataset that anyone can freely access, use, modify, and share for any purpose. To tackle this problem, we propose a novel dataset creation approach (called Open PFLOW) that continuously reports the spatiotemporal positions of all individual’s in urban areas based on open data. With fully consideration of the privacy protection, each entity in our dataset does not match the actual movement of any real person, so that the dataset can be totally open to public as part of data infrastructure. Because the result is shown at a disaggregate level, users can freely modify, process, and visualize the dataset for any purpose. We evaluate the accuracy of the dataset by comparing it with commercial datasets and traffic census indicates that it has a high correlation with mesh population and link-based traffic volume.     

Quasi-landlord port financing in China: Features,practice and a contract theory analysis

Since the 1970s and 80s, landlord port has been the dominant port financing model in western large and medium-sized container ports. In China, many prospective port projects have also explored a landlord port financing model. However, some evidence suggests that landlord port financing in China is a variant of the international mainstream landlord port financing model. Based on an explanation of their unique features and practices, this paper analyzes the Chinese quasi-landlord port financing model from a contract theory perspective, in which it can be viewed as a double-level principal–agent relationship and two-layer profit distribution contract with three participants: the state-owned assets administration department, the port investment company and the operators. Furthermore, the results show that in the Chinese quasi-landlord port financing model, whether in the case of both joint venture and port land lease (fixed rent), or in the case of both joint venture and port land transfer, the optimal incentive scheme is the same as in the international landlord port financing model with profit sharing rent or mixed rent.     

公路建设及运营中土地退化问题研究进展

对公路建设及运营中所引发的土地退化问题的相关研究成果主要集中于公路占地、土壤侵蚀、土壤污染、土壤性质恶化等单方面的分析:土壤侵蚀是重点研究内容,具体包括土壤侵蚀规模、土壤侵蚀机理、土壤侵蚀规律及侵蚀预测方法;土壤污染以重金属污染为主要研究内容,土壤性质恶化则重点关注于土壤理化性质,土壤生物学性质变化研究相对薄弱.我国公路建设及运营所致土地退化问题的研究严重滞后于公路工程建设,今后应强化公路建设及运营过程中的土地退化、演变及恢复研究,公路沿线土壤侵蚀发生发展规律的系统性研究,土壤资源保护与利用研究,公路建设用地节约集约利用技术和标准研究等.     

青岛地区混合层高度的季节性变化*

利用山东青岛地区大气中的探空资料,和青岛附近海域的N EC P资料,利用干绝热方法测量青岛地区大气混合层高度,得出了青岛地区混合层高度的变化规律,并主要从海陆相互作用入手,对混合层高度季节性变化的原因做出了分析。     

建造于陡坡的坞首围堰设计与施工方案优化

鼎衡船坞工程围堰位于长江岸侧陡坡、深水区域,围堰内侧深达十几米的坞首结构施工基坑对围堰的稳定影响较大.通过对围堰设计与施工的研究,对结构设计与施工进行优化、创新,结合工程现场条件,制定出合理的最优施工方案,解决影响岸坡稳定的各种因素.