城市机动车公共停车问题及对策研究

随着机动化的加速,停车问题逐渐成为制约城市发展、影响人们生活质量的隐患,城市规划编制的不科学性及相关研究的落后是导致停车问题日益严重的重要原因。对此,重点从控制性规划编制及相关政策角度分析公共停车问题出现的原因及对策,主要包括停车管理政策、建筑物配建政策、区域差别化政策、停车产业化政策、自备车位政策等。对于指导城市新区建设、改善停车现状有重要的指导意义。     

Hydrological changes in the Mediterranean Sea in relation to changes in the freshwater budget: A numerical modelling study

The response of the Mediterranean Sea and the various sub-basins to changes in the freshwater budget are investigated in a process-oriented study, using the POM model. The model is first integrated using values of the Nile and Ebro rivers runoff, as well as of the Dardanelles freshwater input, typical of the fifties. The model reaches a steady state representative of that existing in the Mediterranean prior to the major damming period after 90 years of integration. Then the model is integrated using the reduced river runoff values typical of the after-damming period. The additional impact of decadal scale trends in the precipitation rate as well as of intense surface cooling periods/events on the thermohaline circulation during the last 40 years were also examined. The model results show that the dramatic reduction of the Nile freshwater input and to a lesser extent the reduction of the freshwater input from the Dardanelles Straits induced a large increase in the sea surface salinity in the Aegean and Levantine basins in the late sixties/early seventies, in agreement with observations. Furthermore, the Ebro runoff reduction during the same period further enhanced the salinity increase in the Levantine basin as higher salinity surface waters of the western basin reached the eastern basin via the Atlantic Water circulation. This saltier surface layer in the vicinity of the Rhodes Gyre favoured the preconditioning for the formation of the Levantine Intermediate Water, resulting in about 40% increase of its formation rate. This in turn resulted in the production of saltier and larger amounts of deep waters in the various deep-water formation sites. According to the model, the river damming and decreased precipitation since the eighties explain about 95% of the observed salinity increase in the Western Mediterranean Deep Water over the last 40 years. The major contributor to this increase was proved to be the Nile damming. The salt increase in the surface layer is proved to be insufficient to produce alone the two climatic transient events in the deep waters of the Eastern Mediterranean in the late sixties and early nineties, respectively. Surface cooling was found to be important, resulting in large deep water formation and thus allowing the propagation of the increased surface salinity signal to the deep layers. However, model results demonstrate that the river damming played an important role in the long-term salt preconditioning of the surface/intermediate layers, thus contributing in triggering the two events.     

技术站单组列车编组方案模型与计算方法的研究

技术站列车编组计划编制问题属于超大规模的组合优化问题,求解难度较大.以往的研究在考虑技术站改编能力限制时基本上是采用取上限的计算方法,由此得到的最优方案有可能使得列车途经各技术站的改编能力利用不均衡,影响编制方案的实用性.本文在现有技术直达列车编组计划研究成果的基础上,综合考虑车站编组能力、解体能力、调车线容车数等影响因素,以技术站车辆集结消耗、改编消耗整体最小以及技术站改编能力均衡利用为目标函数,构建协同优化的多目标0-1规划模型,提出了基于分块编码的改进型遗传算法的优化方法.算例表明,该算法能有效地求解技术站单组列车编组计划方案,并能取得快速准确的良好效果,为车流组织人员提供可行的优选方案.     

项目管理在地铁沿线土地储备业务中的应用

为满足城市未来轨道线网建设资金需求,形成地铁"土地储备-增值收益-上市融资-轨道建设"的良性循环,上海、广州、深圳等地对地铁沿线土地储备方面进行了一些探索。通过分析项目管理在地铁沿线土地储备业务中的应用,明确项目管理中各类机构定位,理顺工作流程,通过规范计划管理,考核机制、收益管理和协调机制,有序推进地铁沿线土地储备业务。     

城轨交通整体道床病害及整治

研究目的:整体道床在城轨交通中得到广泛应用,在运营过程中应对其进行日常维修养护工作.同时整体道床不可避免出现病害,影响美观和使用寿命,必须及时加以整治.本文从分析病害产生的原因入手,依据病害整治原则,制定病害整治方案,并认真落实,使其延长使用寿命,确保运营安全.研究结论:城轨交通工程整体道床日常维修及病害整治的传统方法有表面涂膜法、压力注桨法、开槽修补法等.借鉴铁路、建筑行业的混凝土结构病害整治先进技术,积极采用如低压注桨补缝技术、炭纤维加固、高强无收缩注桨料、高强无收缩注桨料等新技术、新材料、新工艺,与传统方法相结合,使整治施工简便、性能可靠,并且降低费用,提高经济效益.     

基于神经网络的城市基准地价评估模型研究

应用基于经验知识的人工神经网络技术建立城市基准地价综合评估模型 ,可使城市地价评估工作更加科学、合理、公正 ,同时可充分利用土地定级成果 ,实现城市土地定级、基准地价评估的一体化和智能化 ,减小评估工作量。评估实例说明 ,模型具有较强的实际应用价值 ,尤其适用于土地市场发育条件较好地区大量土地的评估工作     

高速公路征地补偿制度存在的问题及对策

针对高速公路征地补偿制度不完善的问题,指出目前的高速公路征地补偿标准偏低,补偿方式不科学,补偿金管理与发放过程中截留情况严重。提出了让农民参与征地补偿过程,改变单一的一次性货币补偿方式,提高补偿标准,实行差额补偿制度等相关对策。     

城市轨道交通土地综合开发

针对城市轨道交通的特点及对城市土地综合开发产生的影响 ,提出了城市轨道交通土地综合开发设想及方案。     

浅谈垂直花园在教学用地中的应用

随着生活质量的提高，人们对绿化的需求也逐渐提高，对生态环境的关注和重视达到一种前所未有的程度。但是城市规划中的绿化面积只是“见缝插绿”，而且面积也越来越少，包括教学用地的绿化。在这种形势之下兴起的新型绿化形式——垂直绿化，对有效地增加教学用地绿量和绿化覆盖率，延长教学楼使用寿命、丰富教学用地空中景观等方面具有极其重要的意义。     

Land Changes and Conflicts Coordination in Coastal Urbanization: A Case Study of the Shandong Peninsula in China

The coastal zone is an interaction region between land and ocean and an interface of geosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere, as well as greatly affected by human activities. Driven by economic activities and increased population, urbanization is rapidly developing in coastal zones, and a series of land resource and environmental conflicts have occurred, especially in developing countries at times of economic transition. This article reports a case study of the Shandong Peninsula of East China. We analyze the land-use practices and land cover changes of six cities over a timeframe of nearly a decade. We then review the management conflict issues. The most commonly encountered conflicts fall into three categories: those between expanding constructed land and decreased cultivated land; those between land resource utilization and conservation; and those between increasing demand for land and degrading land quality. All in all, they reflect the fundamental conflicts between short-term economic development gains and long-term food security and ecosystem sustainability. This article puts forward an institutional approach to coordinate these conflicts so as to realize integrated and coordinated coastal management.