基于零件分道切割的船厂分段钢材集配策略

针对某船厂分段钢材集配与切割管理现状,分析基于分段详细装配工艺(Detailed Assembly Procedure, DAP)的零件需求,探讨基于后道工序需求的零件加工系列划分原则,进行零件分道切割与分段钢材集配的套料设计。工程应用表明,该设计可有效提升零件理料与集配效率、缩短零件存放周期、提高场地利用率,为船厂分段钢材的精益化管理提供有力支撑。     

1600P/2000m车道客滚船撤离路线优化及计算

重点介绍了1600P/2000m车道客滚船撤离时的撤离路线优化及撤离时间计算。     

基于IPM和边缘图像过滤的多干扰车道线检测

在基于视觉的自动驾驶环境感知中,路面阴影、雨水、污渍和反光会对车道线识别和车辆导航造成干扰,针对此问题提出了一种基于逆投影映射（IPM）和边缘图像过滤的改进车道线识别方法。通过逆投影方法可以得到原始道路图像的鸟瞰图像,很大程度上增强了车道线的视觉特性并减少了干扰。同时提出迭代聚类分割方法对IPM图像中的灰度值进行分析,并保留与车道线颜色和形态特征最为接近的灰度点作为车道线边缘。随后提出一种搜索统计边缘图像中连续边缘区域的方法,通过分析边缘点并保留最长区域实现过滤道路干扰因素的目的。最后将该算法与其他常用车道线检测算法进行对比。研究结果表明：该方法可以更好地过滤路面各种干扰因素,有效增强干扰环境下识别模糊车道线、实车道线、虚车道线、弯车道线的能力,大幅提高了自动驾驶环境中的车道保持能力,并且由于该方法相比其他方法能够更加有效地去除路面干扰区域,因此识别车道线的速度得到大幅提高,可以满足自动驾驶对于实时性的要求。     

地下车库联络道出入口设计研究

为保证地下车库联络道出入口设计能够满足运行安全的需求,弥补现行规范对地下车库联络道出入口线形指标和位置间距规定的空缺,调研国内已建和在建地下车库联络道现状,以郑东新区CBD副中心区地下道路和成都金融总部商务区地下道路为设计案例,对比市政和建筑行业规范中地下道路设计方面关键指标的差异,介绍地下车库联络道变速车道和渐变段长度的计算方法,建立地下车库联络道的运行速度协调性评价标准体系和计算模型。最后得出地下车库联络道线形设计的规范选择依据、地下车库联络道变速车道长度的取值标准、出入口位置的选择方法,并提出单向单洞地下车库联络道相邻出入口间距宜按1～3 min行程长度设置,以满足车行防灾疏散的要求。     

考虑多类型通勤者的高占有率车道均衡分析

高占有率车道是鼓励拼车出行,达到缓解交通拥堵,提高交通效率的重要交通管理方案. 本文建立一个基于高占有率车道的交通系统,加入多类型拼车组织时间通勤者和轨道交通通勤方式的影响. 给出系统用户均衡和系统最优对应的数学规划模型,并证明两种状态的存在性. 设计数值算例,进行用户均衡与系统最优比较. 结果显示,交通管理部门可以通过制定管理方案,显著降低低拼车组织时间通勤者的通勤成本. 此外,对高占有率车道长度的分析发现,高占有率车道长度越长,管理方案的效果越明显.     

设置公交专用道的交通效益评价

设置公交专用道会对城市道路交通行为主体产生较大影响,交通效益评价是公交专用道规划设计过程中必不可少的关键环节。构建了公交专用道交通效益的评价指标体系,在此基础上采用层次分析法对各个评价指标的权重进行了确定,最后选用模糊决策的方法进行综合交通效益评价,以确定出最优方案,为公交专用道项目决策和方案比选提供参考。     

哈尔滨市开辟快速公交专线网络的可行性

通过对BRT各组成部分的特点和特性分析,研究了BRT设置和实施的基本条件。从哈尔滨市公共交通的现状出发,讨论了哈尔滨市设置快速公交专线的必要性和可行性,并对哈尔滨市开辟快速公交专线网络进行了研究。     

Optimal deployment of autonomous vehicle lanes with endogenous market penetration

This paper develops a mathematical approach to optimize a time-dependent deployment plan of autonomous vehicle (AV) lanes on a transportation network with heterogeneous traffic stream consisting of both conventional vehicles (CVs) and AVs, so as to minimize the social cost and promote the adoption of AVs. Specifically, AV lanes are exclusive lanes that can only be utilized by AVs, and the deployment plan specifies when, where, and how many AV lanes to be deployed. We first present a multi-class network equilibrium model to describe the flow distributions of both CVs and AVs, given the presence of AV lanes in the network. Considering that the net benefit (e.g., reduced travel cost) derived from the deployment of AV lanes will further promote the AV adoption, we proceed to apply a diffusion model to forecast the evolution of AV market penetration. With the equilibrium model and diffusion model, a time-dependent deployment model is then formulated, which can be solved by an efficient solution algorithm. Lastly, numerical examples based on the south Florida network are presented to demonstrate the proposed models.     

Modelling acceleration decisions in traffic streams with weak lane discipline: A latent leader approach

Acceleration is an important driving manoeuvre that has been modelled for decades as a critical element of the microscopic traffic simulation tools. The state-of-the art acceleration models have however primarily focused on lane based traffic. In lane based traffic, every driver has a single distinct lead vehicle in the front and the acceleration of the driver is typically modelled as a function of the relative speed, position and/or type of the corresponding leader. On the contrary, in a traffic stream with weak lane discipline, the subject driver may have multiple vehicles in the front. The subject driver is therefore subjected to multiple sources of stimulus for acceleration and reacts to the stimulus from the governing leader. However, only the applied accelerations are observed in the trajectory data, and the governing leader is unobserved or latent. The state-of-the-art models therefore cannot be directly applied to traffic streams with weak lane discipline.This prompts the current research where we present a latent leader acceleration model. The model has two components: a random utility based dynamic class membership model (latent leader component) and a class-specific acceleration model (acceleration component). The parameters of the model have been calibrated using detailed trajectory data collected from Dhaka, Bangladesh. Results indicate that the probability of a given front vehicle of being the governing leader can depend on the type of the lead vehicle and the extent of lateral overlap with the subject driver. The estimation results are compared against a simpler acceleration model (where the leader is determined deterministically) and a significant improvement in the goodness-of-fit is observed. The proposed models, when implemented in microscopic traffic simulation tools, are expected to result more realistic representation of traffic streams with weak lane discipline.     

基于中介理论的车道线识别方法研究

以中介真值程度的数值化度量为基础,利用单个像素点的真值度,设计了新的图像去噪滤波算法。与经典算法相比,新算法具有较好的视觉效果。通过研究道路图像车道线的特点,采用中介距离比率函数来衡量像素点间相似程度,并设计了相应的图像边缘检测算法。与传统的道路图像边缘检测算法相比,新方法边缘增强效果显著。最后,基于道路直线模型,采用Hough变换实现了车道线的识别。