A low-cost video-based pavement distress screening system for low-volume roads

This study investigates the use of consumer-grade video camera to develop a low-cost pavement distress screening system, with a particular focus on low-volume roads. Due to the oblique view of video data captured in the car front, existing crack detection algorithms that are tailor-made for nadir view cannot be used directly. Instead, we propose and develop a Video-based PAvement Distress Screening (VPADS) system, which includes an automatic data processing workflow by first defining a Region of Interest (RoI) through robust line fitting of the two side lanes. The pavement condition can be assessed within the RoI by implementing a multi-scale ridge detection filter followed by a boundary contour analysis. Since the proposed VPADS system is designed for preliminary screening purpose, each video image scene is examined if there exists any potential crack or distress feature(s). We tested the proposed system on video data collected for two low-volume roads (Highway 624 and 668) in Northern Ontario region, Canada. The overall accuracy of detecting crack and distress features yielded 80%. Instead of replacing traditional field inspection or high-end multi-sensor pavement evaluation system, the proposed VPADS system aims to provide a computer-aided screening solution for transportation authorities of a vast rural road/highway network and with limited inspection budget. The scope of the work can be further expanded by developing a crowdsensing inspection network built by any regular road user, who can also act as a data provider for the regional/municipal pavement distress screening system.     

城市道路中人行道采取人非共板的探讨

针对城市道路中人行道采取人非共板所存在的问题,提出了运用范围和从规划到管理的配套措施。同时,为既能更好地解决行车拥堵,又确保人身安全,该文还提出了将道路横向板块按速度分道,其中把中速道作为辅道供公交车、非机动车和各单位道口车辆出入行驶的办法,人行道为慢速道,保持原功能不变。     

基于变向车道的平面交叉路口信号控制方法研究

对于多相位控制的平面交叉路口,为了降低路口的延误,提高路口的通行能力,可以通过设置变向车道,实施交叉路口的平面复合交通,来提高车道的利用率。为此,必须对该路口的信号控制方法进行相应的改进与调整：一是路口停止线的设置;二是路口信号灯的设置。     

避险车道设置的必要性研究

避险车道设置的必要性一直是国内外学界关注的重点,但是目前却没有成型的理论推出。引进了加拿大和约旦科学家的理论,并且做了相应的改进,提出了新的三个列表:刹车毂温度列表,车速列表,建设条件列表。在三个列表的基础上,加入了权函数的概念。在权函数的设置中,我们充分考虑了三个因素的权重,从而得到了更精确的评价设置必要性。最后,我们在青海湖附近的一个长下坡路段应用了这一理论,得到了比较满意的结果。     

城市交叉口进口、出口车道数的平衡性探讨

本文尝试通过交叉口进口、出口车道数平衡性的分析来评价交叉口。给出了交叉口进口道、出口道车道数平衡性的量化评价指标。以典型的拓宽式多相位信号控制交叉口为例,通过实地勘测,计算每相位下的进口、出口断面的通行能力,根据计算结果评价分析交叉口进口、出口车道数的时间和空间上的平衡性。     

Characterization and comparison of traffic flow on reversible roadways

Reversible traffic operations have become an increasingly popular strategy for mitigating traffic congestion associated with the directionally unbalanced traffic flows that are a routine part of peak commute periods, planned special events, and emergency evacuations. It is interesting that despite its widespread and long‐term use, relatively little is known about the operational characteristics of this form of operation. For example, the capacity of a reversed lane has been estimated by some to be equal to that of a normal lane while others have theorized it to be half of this value. Without accurate estimates of reversible lane performance it is not possible to confidently gauge the benefits of reversible roadways or model them using traffic simulation. This paper presents the results of a study to measure and evaluate the speed and flow characteristics of reverse‐flow traffic streams by comparing them under various operating conditions and locations. It was found that, contrary to some opinions, the flow characteristics of reverse‐flowing lanes were generally similar to normally flowing lanes under a variety of traffic volume, time‐of‐day, location, and type‐of‐use conditions. The study also revealed that drivers will readily use reversible lanes without diminished operating speeds, particularly as volumes increase. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于双线公交专用道的公共交通效益研究

公交专用道是公交优先的重要环节。在我国,单线公交专用道并不能从实质上解决公交优先的问题。为能更好地发挥公交专用道作用,提出了在大城市或特大型城市设置双线公交专用道,以及双线公交专用道的设置条件,并对双线公交专用道和单线公交专用道的效益进行对比,运用模型计算后得出了优选方案。     

Formulation and interpretation of optimal braking and steering patterns towards autonomous safety-critical manoeuvres

ABSTRACT

Stability control of a vehicle in autonomous safety-critical at-the-limit manoeuvres is analysed from the perspective of lane keeping or lane changing, rather than that of yaw control as in traditional ESC systems. An optimal control formulation is developed, where the optimisation criterion is a linear combination of the initial and final velocity of the manoeuvre. Varying the interpolation parameter in this formulation turns out to result in an interesting family of optimal braking and steering patterns in stabilising manoeuvres. The two different strategies of optimal lane-keeping control and optimal yaw control are shown to be embedded in the formulation and result from the boundary values of the parameter. The results provide new insights and have the potential to be used for future safety systems that adapt the level of braking to the situation at hand, which is demonstrated through examples of how to exploit theresults.     

考虑服务交通量的加速车道长度设置方法

高速公路加速车道的设置长度不仅取决于主路及匝道的设计速度,还与主路及匝道的交通量有关。本文给出了不同主路服务交通量下的匝道通行能力,建立了在主路不同交通负荷下的匝道车辆可直接汇入的概率计算模型。最后给出了在一定的匝道车辆汇入概率和主路服务交通量下的加速车道长度设置方法,以及不同主路、匝道设计速度和服务交通量下的加速车道长度的推荐值。     

The Intermittent Bus Lane signals setting within an area

Intermittent Bus Lane (IBL) used for bus priority is a lane in which the status of a given section changes according to the presence or not of a bus in its spatial domain: when a bus is approaching such a section, the status of that lane is changed to BUS lane, and after the bus moves out of the section, it becomes a normal lane again, open to general traffic. Therefore when bus services are not so frequent, general traffic will not suffer much, and bus priority can still be obtained. This measure can be operating at a single city block, but if all related control parameters along bus lines are considered together, more time gains can be obtained. In this paper, the basic structure and operation of IBL around a single intersection are briefly introduced, then the construction of an objective function and its relationships with the related priority control parameters along one bus line and their simplifications are described. Finally the calculations of the priority control parameters when there are several connected bus lines within an area and some simulation results are discussed.