IgA肾病的临床表现与病理特征研究

目的探讨IgA肾病患者的临床表现与病理特征之间的相关性。方法对陕西省中医院肾病科2008年1月至2012年12月间确诊为原发性IgA肾病的300例患者的临床病理资料进行研究分析。结果 1中青年组发病比例最高(90%);各年龄段均以血尿、蛋白尿为主要临床表现。高血压、肾功异常在≥60岁组发生率最高,分别为29.3%和28%。2免疫荧光IgA+IgM病理类型所占比例最高(36%),其次为单纯性IgA(29.7%)、IgA+IgM+IgG(17.7%)、IgA+IgG(16.7%)。Ⅰ~Ⅲ级分型中免疫荧光单纯IgA所占比例最高;在IV和Ⅴ级中以IgA+IgM沉积所占比例最高,分别为45.5%、81.8%。所有IgA肾病中表现为C3沉积的比例较高,为63.3%。3肾组织病理改变分级以Lee分级Ⅰ~Ⅳ为主,占96.3%。Ⅰ~Ⅴ级病理改变的临床表现均以血尿、蛋白尿为主,相比其他临床表现更多见(P<0.05),各病理分级中血尿、蛋白尿、血尿合并蛋白尿、高血压发生率无显著性差异,而肾功能异常的比例以Ⅴ级为著,其差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。4Ⅰ~Ⅴ级病理改变中尿RBC、尿蛋白异常所占比例无显著差异;病理类型Ⅳ级血清中C3下降最显著(P<0.05);病理类型Ⅴ级病例血清中IgA升高的比例最低,其差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。而血清中肌酐异常的比例随着病理类型分级的升高,呈逐渐上升趋势,以病理类型Ⅴ级血清肌酐异常的比例最高。结论 IgA肾病具有临床表现、病理改变多样化等特点,IgA肾病血尿、蛋白尿和高血压的发生率与病理分级无相关性,但随着病理分级的升高,肾功能异常的发生率增高。     

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中国信号交叉口中,机非干扰现象十分普遍。本文通过实际调查,以无行人影响的左转饱和车流为基础,通过显著分析方法,量化了行人位置（转弯车流内、外侧与距离）、人数对专用左转车流车速的影响,并根据严重程度将影响划分为4个等级,同时拟合了各级影响下排队车辆起步后的速度时间变化曲线。研究结果表明：（1）行人距车流距离是显著影响因素,而行人人数不是;（2）车流两侧同时有行人对饱和车流造成的影响,与其中较严重的单侧行人影响情况相同;（3）排队车辆在加速过程中的速度变化曲线呈“S”型,行人对车流影响越严重,车流加速到饱和流所需时间越长,饱和流车速越低,但不影响速度—时间曲线线型——“S”型。这些结论可为科学的交通管理奠定基础。     

城市道路机动车道宽度研究

在分析国内机动车道宽度取值标准和国内交通流特性的基础上,采用波良可夫模型计算不同等级道路车辆的侧向摆动距离,结合车道上最具代表性的机动车辆车身宽度,计算得出不同等级道路、不同位置的推荐机动车道宽度。结果表明：适当缩减机动车道宽度可在满足行车安全的同时节约城市道路建设用地,提高慢行交通运行的通达性和安全性,推荐的车道宽度为城市道路建设中机动车道的合理选区提供了参考依据。     

客货分离道路系统实施评价方法研究

通过综述国内外客货分离道路的实施及研究现状,重点分析国外现有客货分离道路评价方法在我国的适应性和可行性,在此基础上,结合我国港口城市道路运输特点,提出我国港口城市客货分离道路评价体系,并研究了评价指标的量化方法。研究成果对于指导我国客货分离道路系统的规划与设计、充分发挥客货分离道路系统的优势,具有一定的参考价值。     

城市道路机动车道宽度研究

分析了新、老规范对于城市道路机动车道宽度的规定,研究了机动车道宽度计算理论、机动车道宽度对安全的影响及城市道路机动车道宽度改造实例,可为城市道路机动车道宽度设计取值提供参考。     

Warming Seas in the Coral Triangle: Coral Reef Vulnerability and Management Implications

The highest diversity coral reefs in the world, located in the Coral Triangle, are threatened by a variety of local stresses including pollution, overfishing, and destructive fishing in addition to climate change impacts, such as increasing sea surface temperatures (SSTs), and ocean acidification. As climate change impacts increase, coral reef vulnerability at the ecoregional scale will have an increasingly important influence on conservation management decisions. This project provides the first detailed assessment of past and future climatic stress, thermal variability, and anthropogenic impacts in the Coral Triangle at the ecoregional level, thus incorporating both local (e.g., pollution, development, and overfishing) and global threats (increasing SSTs). The development of marine protected area (MPA) networks across the Coral Triangle is critical for the region to address these threats. Specific management recommendations are defined for MPA networks based on the levels of vulnerability to thermal and local stress. For example, coral reef regions with potentially low vulnerability to thermal stress may be priorities for establishment of MPA networks, whereas high vulnerability regions may require selection and design principles aimed at building resilience to climate change. The identification of climate and other human threats to coral reef systems and ecoregions can help conservation practitioners prioritize management responses to address these threats and identify gaps in MPA networks or other management mechanisms (e.g., integrated coastal management).     

Integrating Climate and Ocean Change Vulnerability into Conservation Planning

Tropical coastal and marine ecosystems are particularly vulnerable to ocean warming, ocean acidification, and sea-level rise. Yet these projected climate and ocean change impacts are rarely considered in conservation planning due to the lack of guidance on how existing climate and ocean change models, tools, and data can be applied. Here, we address this gap by describing how conservation planning can use available tools and data for assessing the vulnerability of tropical marine ecosystems to key climate threats. Additionally, we identify limitations of existing tools and provide recommendations for future research to improve integration of climate and ocean change information and conservation planning. Such information is critical for developing a conservation response that adequately protects these ecosystems and dependent coastal communities in the face of climate and ocean change.     

Climate change projections for variables affecting road networks in Europe

Global climate change will affect road networks during this century. The effects will be different in various parts of the world due to differences in local climate change and in the structure and properties of roads. In this paper, climate change projections are presented for climate variables that are most likely to affect the long-term performance of road networks in Europe. We apply four regional climate simulations up to the year 2100 using two plausible future emission scenarios. The results show that the changing climate will require significant adaptation measures in the near future in order to maintain the operability of the European road network.     

Establishing speed–flow–density relationships for exclusive motorcycle lanes

Abstract

The motorcycle is a popular mode of transport in Malaysia and developing Asian countries, but its significant representation in the traffic mix results in high rates of motorcycle accidents. As a result, the Malaysian Government decided to segregate motorcycle traffic along its new federal roads as an engineering approach to reduce accidents. However, traffic engineers needed to know the maximum traffic a motorcycle lane could accommodate. Despite substantial literature related to speed–flow–density relationships and capacities of various transport facilities, there is a knowledge gap regarding motorcycle lanes. This paper establishes motorcycle speed–flow–density relationships and capacities of exclusive motorcycle lanes in Malaysia. Observations of motorcycle flows and speeds were conducted along existing and experimental motorcycle lanes. Motorcycle speed–density data were aggregated and plotted for two types of observable motorcycle riding behaviour patterns that were influenced by the widths of a motorcycle lane: the headway pattern (lane width ≤ 1.7 m) and the space pattern (lane width > 1.7 m). For both riding patterns, regression analysis of motorcycle speed–density data best fits the logarithmic model and consequently the motorcycle flow–density and speed–flow models are derived. Motorcycle lane capacities for headway and space riding patterns are estimated as 3300 mc/hr/lane and 2200 mc/hr/m, respectively.     

基于EKF学习方法的BP神经网络汽车换道意图识别模型研究

实时准确地识别驾驶人的换道意图有助于提高车辆行驶的安全性,达到安全辅助驾驶的目的。文中提出了一种基于EKF（extended kalman filter）学习方法的BP神经网络模型,用于识别驾驶人的换道意图,并进行短时行为预测。通过实验采集了20组高速公路实车行驶数据,利用前方车头时距、转向盘转角值、驾驶人头部水平位置数据,以及车道偏离量4类数据样本进行训练得到结果。实验结果表明：本模型较传统的神经网络识别模型具有更短的识别时间,且模型的可信度更高。在车辆换道和直线行驶2种工况下,本模型对换道意图的识别准确率达到了95％。