大断面TBM洞内组装技术

介绍了四川锦屏二级水电站1号引水隧洞大断面TBM洞内组装的施工过程，分析了组装整体规划需要注意的问题，以期对同类工程有所参考。     

岩溶区不同含水率破碎围岩地质雷达波形特征研究

为研究岩溶区裂隙块状结构破碎灰岩在不同含水率时的地质雷达波形特征,以广西六寨至宜州高速公路40座公路隧道为依托,进行大量现场实测.对裂隙块状结构破碎灰岩的实测数据进行筛选,并基于被选数据,采用SIR-3000地质雷达RADAN后处理软件分析不同含水率情况下的线测、点测反射强弱定性特征,同时采用对MATLAB分析软件进行数据接口语言汇编的方法,研究不同含水率情况下回波中心频率值及其分布范围,结果表明:当含水率分别小于26％、介于26％ ～42％和大于42％时,线测、点测反射强弱变化较大,回波中心频率以低频为主,分别在85,80 MHz和53 MHz附近波动,且分布范围依次减小,分别为21～105 MHz,12.5 ～ 102 MHz和11 ～ 77 MHz.     

沥青路面应力位移简化计算

为方便沥青路面结构设计生产、教学、科研之用， 本文采用分析综合法与分离变量法建立了弹性三层体系应力位移显式模型； 并在分析常见路面结构层厚度及其当量换算和模量变化范围的基础上， 成功求得了三层体系路表弯沉、上层滑动应力、上层连续应力、中层应力逼近公式；精度分析表明本文逼近公式精度很好， 完全可推广应用于多层体系， 满足工程设计和有关理论研究的需要．     

On the dispersion relation of hydroelastic waves in a plate

This paper deals with the dispersion relation of hydroelastic waves in pontoon-type very large floating structures (VLFS) using a simple beam modeling, where the term hydroelastic waves means propagation of deflection vibrations in VLFS. The purpose of this paper is to show the properties of the hydroelastic waves. The dispersion relation of hydroelastic waves propagating in an infinite plate floating on the water is derived based on the linear water wave theory. The effects of the water depth and of the bending rigidity of the floating plate on the wavelength, phase velocity, and group velocity of the hydroelastic waves are shown theoretically or numerically. Then, the dispersion relation of hydroelastic waves in a finite plate floating on shallow water is investigated. It is shown that the wavelength or the phase velocity of the hydroelastic waves varies with the location in the plate. Received for publication on April 7, 1999; accepted on Aug. 20, 1999     

悬臂施工连续梁桥合龙设计优化及影响分析

合龙阶段的施工工序对多跨连续梁桥的内力和累计位移均有一定的影响,以一座4跨连续梁桥为例,根据合龙阶段预应力钢束张拉阶段的不同,建立该桥的两种有限元模型,根据各个施工阶段的分析结果,对比分析预应力张拉阶段对梁体内力、累计位移的影响。结果发现,预应力张拉阶段对多跨连续梁桥结构的内力影响较小,对梁体结构的累计位移影响较大,根据分析结果,对该桥的合龙工序进行了优化。建议多跨连续梁桥在进行安全设计的同时应考虑结构线形控制的难度,对合龙工序进行优化。     

汽车载质量利用系数公告申报管理合理上限研究

目前汽车企业申报"小吨大标"车越来越多,严重地影响到车辆的行驶安全。本文通过三辆车的试验结果分析载质量利用系数的合理上限值,以限制"小吨大标"车的申报,为相关管理部门提供参考。     

从大客流运营角度谈地铁车站的建筑布置优化设计

从地铁车站的设备和管理用房布置原则、影响乘客行进的站内设施布置要点以及换乘车站的换乘设施设置等方面,对地铁车站的建筑布置进行了探讨,力求使地铁车站的建筑布置真正体现大客流交通建筑的特征。即:设备区布置紧凑、方便管理,公共区保证乘降安全、舒适,客流疏导通畅、迅速。     

近期典型桥梁事故回顾、分析与启示

对1813~2018年期间的584起桥梁事故进行分析，将桥梁倒塌原因分为施工、自然灾害、设计、意外荷载、耐久性等5类。各原因在倒塌事故中所占比例分别为42.1%、30.0%、11.6%、12.7%、3.6%。除自然灾害外，设计施工不合理为主要原因，而事故发生大多是多种原因综合的结果。以近几年9起典型桥梁倒塌事故为例，分析比较各种倒塌桥梁的主要破坏模式，得到以下启示：①国内大部分梁桥上部结构的平面外位移约束构造不足，在任何一个平面内都不应该是可变体系是国内桥梁设计施工中需要注意的问题；②在应用新工艺、新结构和拆除旧桥时，应加强各种施工工况下的验算；③建议加强桥梁巡查，预防和禁止汽车超载以及桥梁附近大规模堆载；④应注重桥梁结构尤其是斜拉桥和悬索桥等特大桥梁的日常养护管理，当养护力量不足时，尽量选择养护要求较低的桥型。     

快速路型式的选择探析

通过对快速路型式及适用范围进行深入阐述,并结合国内案例,分析盐城市快速路型式的设计思路和方案,对于其他快速路型式的选择具有一定的借鉴意义。     

Theoretical and experimental excitation force spectra for railway-induced ground vibration: vehicle–track–soil interaction,irregularities and soil measurements

Excitation force spectra are necessary for a realistic prediction of railway-induced ground vibration. The excitation forces cause the ground vibration and they are themselves a result of irregularities passed by the train. The methods of the related analyses – the wavenumber integration for the wave propagation in homogeneous or layered soils, the combined finite-element boundary-element method for the vehicle–track–soil interaction – have already been presented and are the base for the advanced topic of this contribution. This contribution determines excitation force spectra of railway traffic by two completely different methods. The forward analysis starts with vehicle, track and soil irregularities, which are taken from literature and axle-box measurements, calculates the vehicle–track interaction and gets theoretical force spectra as the result. The second method is a backward analysis from the measured ground vibration of railway traffic. A calculated or measured transfer function of the soil is used to determine the excitation force spectrum of the train. A number of measurements of different soils and different trains with different speeds are analysed in that way. Forward and backward analysis yield the same approximate force spectra with values around 1 kN for each axle and third of octave.