Transient responses of a VLFS during landing and take-off of an airplane

The transient elastic deformation of a pontoon-type very large floating structure (VLFS) caused by the landing and take-off of an airplane is computed by the time-domain mode-expansion method. The memory effects in hydrodynamic forces are taken into account, and great care is paid to numerical accuracy in evaluating all the coefficients appearing in the simultaneous differential equations for the elastic motion of a VLFS. The time-histories of the imparted force and the position and velocity of an airplane during landing and take-off are modeled with data from a Boeing 747-400 jumbo jet. Simulation results are shown of 3-D structural waves on a VLFS and the associated unsteady drag force on an airplane, which is of engineering importance, particularly during take-off. The results for landing show that the airplane moves faster than the structural waves generated in the early stage, and the waves overtake the airplane as its speed decreases to zero. The results for take-off are essentially the same as those for landing, except that the structural waves develop slowly in the early stage, and no obstacle exists on the runway after the take-off of airplane. The additional drag force on an airplane due to the elastic responses of the runway considered in this work was found to be small in magnitude.     

让压预应力锚索在软岩隧道大变形控制中的作用机制研究

为解决高地压、高流变条件下软岩隧道围岩及支护结构大变形控制难题，通过理论和数值分析，研究让压预应力锚索在隧道大变形控制中的作用机制。研究内容包括2个方面，一是研究新型让压锚垫板在低预紧力及低围压下的力学性能，满足支护结构先柔让压的要求； 二是让压结束后，预应力锚索在高预紧力条件下改善支护结构受力性能，实现后刚强支的作用。结果表明： 1）预应力锚索通过施加预紧力，增大洞壁径向阻力，提高围岩稳定性； 2）预应力锚索在让压结束后对支护结构的主要作用是减跨，由此提高支护结构刚度和承载能力； 3）围岩、支护结构和让压预应力锚索变形协调，力学上相互耦合，构成“先柔后刚”的支护体系。     

锚固框架结构加固公路边坡的优化设计

依照优化设计的基本原理与有关规范，建立了锚固框架结构的优化设计数学模型，以及相关的约束方程，利用lingo11.0编写了该结构优化模型的寻优程序，实践表明该模型可达到节约工程成本和优化设计结果的目的。     

墩台施工监理中的若干问题

针对工程的特殊性 ,管理人员在质量控制方面及相关协调工作方面进行了必要的调整和大胆尝试 ,最终促成该项目的圆满完成。     

基于相对变形的大变形隧道地应力反算

针对复杂地质条件下高地应力大变形隧道地应力复杂多变的特点，为满足该类隧道动态设计对地应力资料的要求，提出基于上台阶开挖后拱腰水平收敛与拱顶下沉的相对比值并结合开挖揭示的围岩情况，建立二维数值模型反算地应力的方法。以丽江至香格里拉铁路中义隧道为例，对该方法进行详细说明。研究表明所述方法具有无需地应力测试、计算方便的优点，施工期间可用于地应力分析、预测。中义隧道典型区段地应力反算结果表明： 1）隧道出口及2号横洞工区的地应力分布特点并不相同； 2）围岩及埋深差别不大的区段，隧道水平收敛变形出现较大差异主要是由于地应力侧压力系数不同引起的。     

有移动热源的海上大空间通风技术研究

由于有某种热源在海上大空间内移动,使得大空间通风系统也与其他一般大舱空间的通风系统不同.目前国内外对海上大空间通风系统尚无明确的规范及要求.在对大空间通风进行模型试验研究和相应的计算机模拟计算基础上,确定大空间通风系统初步方案,为大空间通风系统设计提供科学合理的试验和理论依据.     

隧道仰坡开裂及偏压治理技术

隧道建设进入山区,仰坡开挖越来越高,而且洞口经常出现偏压现象,仰坡经常开裂失稳。应用锚索框架梁结合挡墙方案成功地解决了此类问题。     

Optimal selection of suspension parameters in large scale vehicle models

Optimum values are selected for the suspension damping and stiffness parameters of complex car models, subjected to road excitation, by applying suitable numerical methodologies. These models result from a detailed finite-element discretisation and possess a relatively large number of degrees of freedom. They also involve strongly nonlinear characteristics, due mostly to large rigid body rotation of some of their components and the properties of the connection elements. First, attention is focused on gaining some insight into the dynamics of the mechanical models examined, resulting when the vehicle passes over roads involving typical geometric profiles. Then, the emphasis is shifted to presenting results obtained by applying appropriate optimisation methodologies. For this purpose, three classes of design criteria are first set up, referring to passenger ride comfort, suspension travel and car road holding and yielding the most important suspension stiffness and damping parameters. Originally, the optimisation is performed by forming a composite cost function and employing a single-objective optimisation method. Since the design criteria are conflicting, a multi-objective optimisation methodology is also set up and applied subsequently.     

微型桩-香根草协同护坡试验与计算研究

单一的香根草护坡或微型桩护坡在边坡加固与防护工程中均得到了广泛应用，但针对两者协同护坡的研究和相关工程应用相对较少。边坡安全系数作为评判边坡稳定性的重要依据之一，其计算分析结果的准确程度高，可提升滑坡灾害的预测水平，从而降低损失。通过室外大比例尺模型试验，采用坡顶分级堆载对植被与微型桩协同护坡的效果进行试验，并对采用多种理论与数值方法求得的边坡安全系数进行了比较，分析了香根草及微型桩对边坡安全系数的影响。试验与计算结果表明：采用三维有限元分析得到的安全系数略高于二维有限元分析；相比于素土边坡，微型桩-香根草协同护坡能极大地提高边坡安全系数，有效提高坡体稳定性，而且能够提高边坡承受荷载能力，研究结果可为生态防护与工程加固措施协同护坡工程设计提供理论依据。