Modeling the impacts of mandatory and discretionary lane-changing maneuvers

In this paper, a novel mesoscopic multilane model is proposed to enable simultaneous simulation of mandatory and discretionary lane-changing behaviors to realistically capture multilane traffic dynamics. The model considers lane specific fundamental diagrams to simulate dynamic heterogeneous lane flow distributions on expressways. Moreover, different priority levels are identified according to different lane-changing motivations and the corresponding levels of urgency. Then, an algorithm is proposed to estimate the dynamic mandatory and discretionary lane-changing demands. Finally, the lane flow propagation is defined by the reaction law of the demand–supply functions, which can be regarded as an extension of the Incremental-Transfer and/or Priority Incremental-Transfer principles. The proposed mesoscopic multilane cell transmission model is calibrated and validated on a complex weaving section of the State Route 241 freeway in Orange County, California, showing both the positive and negative impact of lane changing maneuvers, e.g., balancing effect and capacity drop, respectively. Moreover, the empirical study verifies that the model requires no additional data other than the cell transmission model does. Thus, the proposed model can be deployed as a simple simulation tool for accessing dynamic mesoscopic multilane traffic state from data available to most management centers, and also the potential application in predicting the impact of traffic incident or lane control strategy.     

A capacity maximization scheme for intersection management with automated vehicles

With the advent of connected and automated vehicle technology, in this paper, we propose an innovative intersection operation scheme named as MCross: Maximum Capacity inteRsection Operation Scheme with Signals. This new scheme maximizes intersection capacity by utilizing all lanes of a road simultaneously. Lane assignment and green durations are dynamically optimized by solving a multi-objective mixed-integer non-linear programming problem. The demand conditions under which full capacity can be achieved in MCross are derived analytically. Numerical examples show that MCross can almost double the intersection capacity (increase by as high as 99.51% in comparison to that in conventional signal operation scheme).     

高速路网不停车收费车道优化布设方法

合理设置高速公路收费站ETC (Electronic Toll Collection)车道数量，对高速公路通行效率至关重要。针对目前路网中ETC与MTC (Manual Toll Collection)车辆混行的情况，考虑ETC的普及率，结合多用户路网均衡模型和排队论方法，建立基于双层规划模型的高速路网ETC车道优化布设方法。上层模型以车辆总通行时间最小为目标，优化设置进出收费站的ETC车道数量；下层模型为多用户路网均衡模型，反映ETC和MTC车辆的路径和收费车道选择行为。下层模型通过设计收费站的等价拓扑结构，表征收费站的车道使用规则及车辆的收费车道选择行为，并采用排队论方法估计ETC和MTC车道的收费排队时间。根据模型的特点设计了基于主动集的启发式算法，利用参数二进制与拉格朗日函数法确定迭代下降方向，解决了下降方向与步长难以计算的问题；通过内嵌优化函数的方式，保证在主动集转化过程中上层约束均不会失效，且避免了迭代过程中的模型解退化问题。基于上海市绕城高速进行实证分析，结果表明：随着ETC普及率的提升，收费排队时长按照负指数趋势下降；与按比例布设ETC车道的方法相比，所提方法最高可降低57.4%的收费排队时间，且该方法可以避免ETC车道布设过多对于MTC车道通行能力挤压造成的负面效果。研究成果可以有效指导高速路网ETC车道的布设，提高路网通行效率。     

A proposed vision and vehicle-to-infrastructure communication-based vehicle positioning approach

It is essential to obtain accurate location of vehicles for new applications of Intelligent Transportation Systems. To remedy the defects of present Global Positioning System and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V-I) positioning technology, a new positioning approach based on vision and V-I communication is proposed. This approach aims at lane-level positioning with lower cost than conventional ones. In this approach, the position of the vehicle is represented by its lateral position (the lane number) and longitudinal position (the distance from entrance of the road) in a course coordinate system along the road; the specific lane the vehicle is occupying (the lane number) can be judged using the information of lane lines detected by vision systems; then the distance to the vehicle is obtained by a Road Side Unit (RSU) during the V-I communication; and the longitudinal position is calculated. The error of the approach on typical operating conditions is analyzed, indicating that the new approach can achieve the accuracy of less than 0.31 m for straight road and 0.58 m for typical arc road with ultra-wideband communication and ranging technologies and rational arrangement of RSUs. The feasibility of this approach is presented.     

Effectiveness of travel time reliability indicators in the light of the assessment of dynamic managed lane strategy

ABSTRACT

The aim of traffic management is to ensure a high quality of service for a maximum number of users by decreasing congestion and increasing safety. Uncertainty of travel times decreases the quality of service and leads end users to modify their plans regardless of the average travel time. Indicators describing travel time reliability are being developed and should be used in the future both for the optimization and for the assessment of active traffic management operations. This article discusses the efficiency of certain reliability indicators in an ex-post assessment of a traffic management strategy. Ex-post assessment is based on an observational before–after study. As some factors other than the studied management strategy may intervene between the two periods, and as most reliability indicators require knowledge of the full travel time distribution and not only its average, a methodology is developed for the identification of the impact of these exogenous factors on the whole distribution. Many reliability indicators are split into different parts allowing the identification of the part due to the management strategy impact. The methodology is tested numerically on a managed lane operation consisting of Hard Shoulder Running (HSR) at rush hour on a section of a French motorway. The variation of some reliability indicators appears misleading, whereas the splitting of the indicators increases our understanding of the strategy and highlights its impact. The paper gives the reliability assessment of the HSR field test and discusses different reliability indicators to identify their potential performances and shortcomings.     

高速公路连续箱梁桥独柱墩横向抗倾覆计算及安全性评估

连续梁桥由于结构刚度大、桥面变形小、动力性能好、变形曲线平顺、有利于高速行车等优点,是中小型桥梁的主要结构形式之一,得到了广泛的应用和发展。但是由于超载、偏载以及支座布置不合理等原因,近年来我国连续梁桥出现了多例整体失稳的事故,且事故大多出现在独柱墩连续梁桥上。针对最近发生的独柱墩桥梁倾覆事件,采用有限元程序Midas Civil对拟建的武深高速公路项目中连续箱梁桥独柱墩抗倾覆系数及独柱墩处箱梁支座转角进行验算,并与规范及《广东省高速公路独柱墩连续箱梁桥横向抗倾覆安全性评估验算指导意见》中要求的指标进行对比,对连续箱梁桥独柱墩横向抗倾覆安全性进行合理评估。     

抽气式涡轮帆的气动力学分析研究

介绍了抽气式涡轮帆的结构和工作原理,使用Gambit软件建立了涡轮帆的模型,并采用RNG k-ε湍流模型描述了涡轮帆的动力学特性。利用Fluent软件对抽气式涡轮帆进行了数值模拟计算,并与风洞试验数据进行了对比,升阻力系数的模拟结果与试验数据变化趋势基本一致。计算了特定情况下椭圆筒不同偏转角时的升阻力系数,并模拟了不同旋转角下吸气强度以及旋转角为0°时分流板位置对涡轮帆升阻力系数的影响,为涡轮帆的优化选择提供了依据。     

浅谈城市自行车专用道设置

我国现在只有少数的大城市设置了自行车专用道,它的设置与规划还没有一套系统的方法,该文在国内外自行车交通的发展趋势及经验的基础上,对自行车专用道的设置问题进行了探讨,针对我国的具体现状,从宏观和微观两个角度分析了自行车专用道设置时应该注意的问题。     

基于模型预测控制的智能车横纵向控制器设计

针对智能车横纵向控制中路径跟踪精度、行驶稳定性以及乘坐舒适性等问题,提出了基于模型预测控制(MPC)的横纵向综合控制方法.速度规则系统根据参考路径曲率与车辆跟踪位移误差计算出期望速度曲线,速度跟踪控制采用分层式控制器,上层控制器利用MPC算法计算期望加速度,下层控制器利用车辆逆纵向动力学模型对车辆的驱动和制动进行协调控...     

高桥墩墩顶水平位移的计算与分析

考虑板式橡胶支座的弹性约束作用、地基弹性变形的影响,用能量法对高桥墩墩顶水平位移进行计算与分析;算例表明,对具有板式橡胶支座的弹性地基高桥墩的设计计算,支座对高桥墩弹性约束和地基的弹性变位影响不可忽视.