A fundamental investigation of tilt control systems for narrow commuter vehicles

One way of addressing traffic congestion is by efficiently utilizing the existing highway infrastructure. Narrow tilting vehicles that need a reduced width lane can be part of the solution if they can be designed to be safe, stable, and easy to operate. In this paper, a control system that stabilizes the tilt mode of such a vehicle without affecting the handling of the vehicle is proposed. This control system is a combination of two different types of control schemes known as steering tilt control (STC) and direct tilt control (DTC) systems. First, different existing variations of both STC and DTC systems are considered and their shortcomings analysed. Modified control schemes are then suggested to overcome the deficiencies. Then a new method of integrating these two control schemes that guarantees smooth switchover between the controllers as a function of vehicle velocity is proposed. The performance of the proposed STC, DTC, and integrated systems is evaluated by carrying out simulations for different operating conditions and some experimental work. The design of a second-generation narrow tilting vehicle on which the developed control system has been implemented is presented.     

二阶 Camassa-Holm 方程行波解的稳定性及性质

文中通过二阶Camassa-Holm方程的守恒量及行波解的显示表示，研究了二阶Camassa-Holm方程行波解的稳定性，并进一步研究了行波解的零值分布，进而更好地刻画了行波解。     

Why do some motorbike riders wear a helmet and others don’t? Evidence from Delhi,India

Road traffic accident fatalities lead to important private and social costs in the metropolitan areas of most low and middle income countries. An important share of these fatalities is due to injuries to the head and the neck. Helmets can provide efficient protection, but many drivers do not use them. We focus on helmet use behavior among motorbike users in Delhi. We use a detailed data set collected for the purpose of the study. To guide our empirical analysis, we rely on a model in which drivers decide on self-protection and self-insurance. The empirical findings suggest that risk-averse drivers are more likely to wear a helmet and that this has no systematic effect on speed. Helmet use also increases with education. Drivers who show a higher awareness of road risks seem to be both more likely to wear a helmet and to speed less. Controlling for risk awareness, we observe that drivers tend to compensate between speed and helmet use. The results can provide a basis for awareness-raising policies. They also show that improvements to the road infrastructure risk leading to risk-compensating behavior.     

基于宏观基本图的路网多子区状态一致协同控制

针对基于宏观基本图(MFD)的路网多子区协同控制未考虑各子区拥堵状态差异性及均衡性的问题，本文提出以多子区状态可达一致为目标的子区边界状态反馈控制设计方法. 首先，基于路网 MFD模型建立路网多子区协同模型；进一步，基于部分变量稳定性理论，设计多子区状态可达一致的边界状态反馈控制律.在此基础上，考虑子区拥堵状态的差异性，设计了子区间的协同控制策略，快速缓解子区拥堵状态；同时，提出子区边界输入流的分配优化策略.最后，以潍坊市实际路网为背景建立仿真模型.实验结果表明，本文方法可实现子区交通流分布的均衡性，快速缓解子区拥堵状态，较大幅度地提升路网运行效率.     

Forecasting travel behavior using Markov Chains-based approaches

Recent advances in agent-based micro-simulation modeling have further highlighted the importance of a thorough full synthetic population procedure for guaranteeing the correct characterization of real-world populations and underlying travel demands. In this regard, we propose an integrated approach including Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulation and profiling-based methods to capture the behavioral complexity and the great heterogeneity of agents of the true population through representative micro-samples. The population synthesis method is capable of building the joint distribution of a given population with its corresponding marginal distributions using either full or partial conditional probabilities or both of them simultaneously. In particular, the estimation of socio-demographic or transport-related variables and the characterization of daily activity-travel patterns are included within the framework. The fully probabilistic structure based on Markov Chains characterizing this framework makes it innovative compared to standard activity-based models. Moreover, data stemming from the 2010 Belgian Household Daily Travel Survey (BELDAM) are used to calibrate the modeling framework. We illustrate that this framework effectively captures the behavioral heterogeneity of travelers. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the proposed framework is adequately adapted to meeting the demand for large-scale micro-simulation scenarios of transportation and urban systems.     

陡峭岩面双壁钢围堰稳定性分析及风险评估

根据某长江大桥索塔基础工程施工的主要特点,综合考虑4种水中基础围堰方案的优缺点,确定该索塔基础采用锚固柱桩方案;分析现有的钢围堰计算理论,基于钢围堰的施工工艺,研究该长江大桥索塔基础的钢围堰在封底混凝土对围堰侧压力、混凝土及钢围堰重力、钢围堰刃脚摩擦力、抗滑桩及封底混凝土抗剪承载力、流水压力作用下的力学特点,基于各工况的受力特点分别建立力学模型计算公式,构建综合考虑抗滑安全系数及风险后果影响的钢围堰整体抗滑风险模型。研究结果表明:根据《建筑基坑支护技术规程》(JGJ 120-2012)要求,钢围堰在第1,2,3工况时的抗滑安全系数分别为1.607,1.716,4.684,大于规范中1.3要求;该长江大桥在钢围堰施工阶段的总体风险水平为5.6381,风险等级为3级。     

Classification of Livebus arrivals user behavior

With the increasing use of Intelligent Transport Systems, large amounts of data are created. Innovative information services are introduced and new forms of data are available, which could be used to understand the behavior of travelers and the dynamics of people flows. This work analyzes the requests for real-time arrivals of bus routes at stops in London made by travelers using Transport for London's LiveBus Arrivals system. The available dataset consists of about one million requests for real-time arrivals for each of the 28 days under observation. These data are analyzed for different purposes. LiveBus Arrivals users are classified based on a set of features and using K-Means, Expectation Maximization, Logistic regression, One-level decision tree, Decision Tree, Random Forest, and Support Vector Machine (SVM) by Sequential Minimal Optimization (SMO). The results of the study indicate that the LiveBus Arrivals requests can be classified into six main behaviors. It was found that the classification-based approaches produce better results than the clustering-based ones. The most accurate results were obtained with the SVM-SMO methodology (Precision of 97%). Furthermore, the behavior within the six classes of users is analyzed to better understand how users take advantage of the LiveBus Arrivals service. It was found that the 37% of users can be classified as interchange users. This classification could form the basis of a more personalized LiveBus Arrivals application in future, which could support management and planning by revealing how public transport and related services are actually used or update information on commuters.     

预应力混凝土槽形梁静力行为研究

为了解槽形梁静力行为,进行了一片预制预应力混凝土槽形梁的模型试验,分别考虑跨中最大弯矩及梁端最大剪力两种荷载工况对试验模型进行加载,测试了试验模型的控制断面的应力、变形.并采用非线性有限元分析方法对槽形梁的力学特性进行了研究.试验和研究得到了如下结论:该槽形梁的剪力滞效应较为突出,具有明显的开口薄壁杆件特征,底板的空间板效应明显,在设计荷载作用下结构处于线弹性状态,具有一定的安全储备.     

加筋板整体屈曲临界应力计算与分析

利用解析法对加筋板稳定性进行了研究,忽略材料非线性的影响,利用理论方法求解四边简支加筋板的整体屈曲临界应力。对有一根加强筋的加筋板,定义板的挠曲函数,将其代入边界方程和协调方程,求解线性方程组的特征方程得到加筋板的临界应力。对有2根或多根加强筋的规则加筋板,利用能量法导出统一计算的公式得到临界应力。最后,利用有限元软件Abaqus和Nastran进行数值仿真,与理论解比较后得出本文计算方法是正确的,可以准确求解加筋板的稳定性问题。     

关于上海地铁基坑设计相关规范的探讨

2010年上海有两个与基坑设计相关的规范进行了新旧更替.基于地铁车站基坑设计,从规范的适用性、规范的衔接、地铁基坑等级划分的演变和基坑稳定性验算等几个方面,探讨了目前各种规范之问的关系以及设计实践中的规范选用.对环境良好的地铁基坑变形控制和新规范未予明确的稳定性验算安全等级进行了分析讨论,提出了应用建议.