基于MATLAB的汽车操纵稳定性分析

文章利用MATLAB软件强大的计算能力和绘图功能,通过建立汽车操纵稳定性分析模型,对汽车稳态响应和前轮角阶跃输入下的瞬态响应进行了求解分析。结果表明：轮胎的侧偏刚度（绝对值）越大,汽车的操作稳定性就越好;横摆角速度的固有频率越高越好;稳定性因素K应小于0,使汽车有适度的不足转向,有利于行车安全。     

城市独柱墩桥梁抗倾覆加固改造设计探讨

独柱墩桥梁具有结构轻巧、占地少等优点,被广泛应用在城市立交和高架上,近年来,随着独柱墩桥梁倾覆事故频繁发生,独柱墩桥梁结构的稳定性问题越来越受到桥梁管理者的重视。本文结合南京市独柱墩桥梁抗倾覆加固改造的工程实践,对不同桥型进行加固改造方案比选,优化抗倾覆加固设计。     

无信控路段人行横道处行人过街建模与仿真

为精细化描述无信控路段人行横道处行人过街决策及微观运动行为,本文在行人过街行为分析的基础上,基于战术层-操作层构建行人过街双层模型。其中,在战术层面,针对行人分步决策特性,利用二元Logistic回归模型构建路侧和路中行人过街决策模型;在操作层面,针对传统社会力模型在描述行人过街时表现出的局限性,引入行人主动避让力和人行横道对行人的作用力,构建行人过街微观运动模型。最后,通过AnyLogic仿真平台实现行人过街双层模型仿真,并根据实际数据和仿真结果分析模型有效性。结果表明：相较于路侧决策模型,行人性别、停车视距内的车辆数和行人距潜在冲突点的距离这3个因素对行人路中决策结果影响更显著,引入行人主动避让力和人行横道对行人作用力的改进社会力模型,能更好地反映无信控路段行人过街时的行为特征。无信控路段人行横道处行人过街行为仿真模型的有效建立,能为后续行人过街安全改善方案提供决策支持。     

行人过街风格多参数融合识别

行人作为城市慢行交通系统中的弱势群体,探究其过街行为特征,对减少人车冲突,提升行人过街的本质安全具有重要的现实意义。本文针对特定交叉口,设计自由过街及心理临界过街两种场景状态下的行人过街试验。分析过街速度、心理临界时窗及视觉特性等参数之间的耦合关系,选取风险感知因子与临界安全系数作为心理临界过街状态下行人风格的表征指标,构建过街风格识别模型,透析不同风格行人过街行为可靠性。结果表明：年龄对过街速度和心理临界时窗有显著影响;心理临界时窗与过街速度和信号灯区域注视概率呈负相关关系,与车行区域注视概率呈正相关;心理临界过街状态下,依据风格识别结果,男性谨慎程度高于女性,冒险型行人过街失败率为65.22%;冒险型老年人对自身运动机能的评估能力以及视觉搜索特征存在重要缺憾。研究结果可为交叉口基础设施设计与优化,行人过街教育与培训等提供参考。     

A fundamental investigation of tilt control systems for narrow commuter vehicles

One way of addressing traffic congestion is by efficiently utilizing the existing highway infrastructure. Narrow tilting vehicles that need a reduced width lane can be part of the solution if they can be designed to be safe, stable, and easy to operate. In this paper, a control system that stabilizes the tilt mode of such a vehicle without affecting the handling of the vehicle is proposed. This control system is a combination of two different types of control schemes known as steering tilt control (STC) and direct tilt control (DTC) systems. First, different existing variations of both STC and DTC systems are considered and their shortcomings analysed. Modified control schemes are then suggested to overcome the deficiencies. Then a new method of integrating these two control schemes that guarantees smooth switchover between the controllers as a function of vehicle velocity is proposed. The performance of the proposed STC, DTC, and integrated systems is evaluated by carrying out simulations for different operating conditions and some experimental work. The design of a second-generation narrow tilting vehicle on which the developed control system has been implemented is presented.     

二阶 Camassa-Holm 方程行波解的稳定性及性质

文中通过二阶Camassa-Holm方程的守恒量及行波解的显示表示，研究了二阶Camassa-Holm方程行波解的稳定性，并进一步研究了行波解的零值分布，进而更好地刻画了行波解。     

Why do some motorbike riders wear a helmet and others don’t? Evidence from Delhi,India

Road traffic accident fatalities lead to important private and social costs in the metropolitan areas of most low and middle income countries. An important share of these fatalities is due to injuries to the head and the neck. Helmets can provide efficient protection, but many drivers do not use them. We focus on helmet use behavior among motorbike users in Delhi. We use a detailed data set collected for the purpose of the study. To guide our empirical analysis, we rely on a model in which drivers decide on self-protection and self-insurance. The empirical findings suggest that risk-averse drivers are more likely to wear a helmet and that this has no systematic effect on speed. Helmet use also increases with education. Drivers who show a higher awareness of road risks seem to be both more likely to wear a helmet and to speed less. Controlling for risk awareness, we observe that drivers tend to compensate between speed and helmet use. The results can provide a basis for awareness-raising policies. They also show that improvements to the road infrastructure risk leading to risk-compensating behavior.     

基于宏观基本图的路网多子区状态一致协同控制

针对基于宏观基本图(MFD)的路网多子区协同控制未考虑各子区拥堵状态差异性及均衡性的问题，本文提出以多子区状态可达一致为目标的子区边界状态反馈控制设计方法. 首先，基于路网 MFD模型建立路网多子区协同模型；进一步，基于部分变量稳定性理论，设计多子区状态可达一致的边界状态反馈控制律.在此基础上，考虑子区拥堵状态的差异性，设计了子区间的协同控制策略，快速缓解子区拥堵状态；同时，提出子区边界输入流的分配优化策略.最后，以潍坊市实际路网为背景建立仿真模型.实验结果表明，本文方法可实现子区交通流分布的均衡性，快速缓解子区拥堵状态，较大幅度地提升路网运行效率.     

Forecasting travel behavior using Markov Chains-based approaches

Recent advances in agent-based micro-simulation modeling have further highlighted the importance of a thorough full synthetic population procedure for guaranteeing the correct characterization of real-world populations and underlying travel demands. In this regard, we propose an integrated approach including Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulation and profiling-based methods to capture the behavioral complexity and the great heterogeneity of agents of the true population through representative micro-samples. The population synthesis method is capable of building the joint distribution of a given population with its corresponding marginal distributions using either full or partial conditional probabilities or both of them simultaneously. In particular, the estimation of socio-demographic or transport-related variables and the characterization of daily activity-travel patterns are included within the framework. The fully probabilistic structure based on Markov Chains characterizing this framework makes it innovative compared to standard activity-based models. Moreover, data stemming from the 2010 Belgian Household Daily Travel Survey (BELDAM) are used to calibrate the modeling framework. We illustrate that this framework effectively captures the behavioral heterogeneity of travelers. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the proposed framework is adequately adapted to meeting the demand for large-scale micro-simulation scenarios of transportation and urban systems.     

陡峭岩面双壁钢围堰稳定性分析及风险评估

根据某长江大桥索塔基础工程施工的主要特点,综合考虑4种水中基础围堰方案的优缺点,确定该索塔基础采用锚固柱桩方案;分析现有的钢围堰计算理论,基于钢围堰的施工工艺,研究该长江大桥索塔基础的钢围堰在封底混凝土对围堰侧压力、混凝土及钢围堰重力、钢围堰刃脚摩擦力、抗滑桩及封底混凝土抗剪承载力、流水压力作用下的力学特点,基于各工况的受力特点分别建立力学模型计算公式,构建综合考虑抗滑安全系数及风险后果影响的钢围堰整体抗滑风险模型。研究结果表明:根据《建筑基坑支护技术规程》(JGJ 120-2012)要求,钢围堰在第1,2,3工况时的抗滑安全系数分别为1.607,1.716,4.684,大于规范中1.3要求;该长江大桥在钢围堰施工阶段的总体风险水平为5.6381,风险等级为3级。