两种钢管混凝土实体拱桥力学性能的对比分析

进行钢管混凝土实体(哑铃形和单圆管)拱桥的力学性能的有限元分析和对比,并研究拱肋横撑对两种实体拱桥的动力性能和稳定性能的影响。研究表明,对钢管混凝土实体拱桥进行整体设计时,应主要从静力方面考虑拱肋刚度的选取,哑铃形的静力性能优于单圆管;拱肋横撑的数量和形式主要影响结构整体横向刚度,"K"形横撑对面外动力性能的影响要大得多;从稳定性方面考虑,单圆管优于哑铃形。     

交叉口行人过街心理及交通行为分析

行人与机动车的冲突是影响交叉口运行效率的重要因素。研究交叉口行人过街心理及行为的意义,分析行人过街过程及心理特征,总结行人过街等待时间、穿行速度特征、可接受间隙、违章行为及道路交通环境对行人心理和行为的影响,对行人的违章心理进行论述,并提出减少行人违章的措施。     

Deconstructing development density: Quality, quantity and price effects on household non-work travel

Smart growth and transit-oriented development proponents advocate increasing the density of new land development and infill redevelopment. This is partly in order to reduce auto use, by reducing distances between trip origins and destinations, creating a more enjoyable walking environment, slowing down road travel, and increasing the market for transit. But research investigating how development density influences household travel has typically been inadequate to account for this complex set of hypotheses: it has used theoretically unjustified measures, has not accounted for spatial scale very well, and has not investigated potentially important combinations of measures. Using data from a survey of metropolitan households in California, measures of development density corresponding to the main hypotheses about how density affects travel—activity density affecting distance traveled, network load density affecting the speed of auto travel, and built form density affecting the quality of walking—are tested as independent variables in models of auto trip speed and individual non-work travel. Residential network load density is highly negatively correlated with the speed of driving, and is also highly correlated with non-work travel, both singly and in combination with other measures. Activity density and built form density are not as significantly related, on their own. These results suggest that denser development will not influence travel very much unless road level-of-service standards and parking requirements are reduced or eliminated.     

Immigration, residential location, car ownership, and commuting behavior: a multivariate latent class analysis from California

Using latent class cluster analysis, this paper investigates the spatial, social, demographic, and economic determinants of immigrants’ joint distribution among travel time, mode choice, and departure time for work using the 2000 Census long form data. Through a latent tree structure analysis, age, residential location, immigration stage, gender, personal income, and race are found to be the primary determinants in the workplace commute decision-making process. By defining several relatively homogeneous population segments, the likelihood of falling into each segment is found to differ across age groups and geography, with different indicators affecting each group differentially. This analysis complements past studies that used regression models to investigate socio-demographic indicators and their impact on travel behavior in two distinct ways: (a) analysis is done by considering travel time, mode choice, and departure time for work simultaneously, and (b) heterogeneity in behavior is accounted for using methods that identify different groups of behavior and then their determinants. Conclusively the method here is richer than many other methods used to study the ethnically diverse population of California and shows the addition of geographic location and latent segment identification to greatly improve our understanding of specific behaviors. It also provides evidence that immigrants are as diverse as the non-immigrant population and transportation policies need to be defined accordingly.

内河航道横流对船舶航行的影响

为了使船舶能安全通过航道内的横流区域,利用水槽进行遥控自航船模试验,提出了内河航道横流对船舶航行横漂速度、漂角、航迹带宽度和漂距影响的经验公式,分析了Ⅳ与Ⅴ级航道横向流速的限值范围。分析结果表明:横流对船舶航行的影响程度主要与对岸航速成反比,与横流的大小及区域长度成正比,与船型大小(航道等级)成反比,同时与驾驶员的航行经验和初始船位有关;在限制航路航行方式过程中,Ⅳ与Ⅴ级航道对岸航速为2、3、4m·s-1时,可克服的一个船长内横流限值为0.48、0.58、0.70m·s-1。     

基于单调关联系统的驾驶行为可靠度计算方法

为合理评估驾驶员驾驶行为的可靠性,提出了驾驶行为可靠度计算方法,将人机系统可靠性理论与驾驶行为链相结合,构建了基于感知、判断、操作元件及模块组的驾驶行为可靠性框图,确定了单项器官元件可靠度测试与计算方法,运用单调关联系统理论给出了功能模块可靠度及驾驶行为系统可靠度的量化模型,计算了模型中各生理、心理元件概率重要度,分析了其对驾驶行为的影响度。计算结果表明:事故组与非事故组间行为可靠性存在明显差异,非事故组的可靠性整体大于事故组,但整体可靠性呈下降趋势,事故组驾驶员整体操作稳定性较差;生理因素对驾驶行为可靠度影响度前期较大后期较小,而心理因素则相反。     

Travel Behavior Analysis of the Females in Beijing

In urban life, compared with the same age group of male contrast, the statistical indicators of female travel behavior show significant differences. According to the sample data of Beijing 2005 travel survey, the paper analyzes the female travel behavior in the travel rate, travel consumption, trip purpose, and travel mode. Furthermore, the paper introduces the concept of the trip chain, to construct a female morning commuter trip chain choice behavior model with noncollection theories and methods, to analyze 10 factors that influence a female individual's choice of a trip chain from the source. Subsequently, model parameters are estimated, to calculate the incidents that can help to quantitatively understand the impact of each factor on a female's choice of the trip chain. The results show that the travel rate of elderly women is far lower than that of elderly men. Female travel proportion in shopping and social activities is obviously higher than that of male travelers, and factors related to the structure of families create important constraints in their average travel time consumption. The main travel mode of the female is walking, which is far more than that of a male. Age, whether they hold licenses, monthly income, and transport ownership are dominant factors for the female's choice of the trip chain.     

煤系地层公路高切坡稳定性评价

在山区修建公路不可避免地需要进行高切深挖,往往会形成大量的高切坡,边坡岩体原有应力平衡被打破,为高切坡的失稳创造了地质条件。以两巫公路(巫山及巫溪)K 90+310~K 90+370段煤系高切坡为研究对象,利用赤平极射投影法、有限元ANSYS法对高切坡整体和局部稳定性做出了评价。研究表明,坡体主控结构面对岩质高切坡的整体稳定性起控制作用;煤夹层对岩质高切坡的局部稳定性起控制作用。建议采用锚杆喷射混凝土-挂网来加固坡体整体,用锚索-格构梁和劈裂注浆联合法来加固坡体局部。     

钢筋混凝土箱形拱桥现浇施工方案比较

钢筋混凝土箱型拱桥在无支墩拱式拱架上现浇施工时,若跨度较大,拱圈一般采用分环分段的施工方法。采用该方法施工时,先期形成的混凝土拱环与拱架的横向联合作用明显。通过两种分环方案的对比分析发现,不同的分环方案横向联合作用强度也有所差别。采用一个最优分环方案,可以利用已形成的拱环与拱架在横向的。联合作用,增加横向刚度,有利于提高施工过程中的横向稳定性。     

Driver behavior formulation in intersection dilemma zones with phone use distraction via a logit-Bayesian network hybrid approach

Use of cellular phone while driving is one of the top contributing factors that induce traffic crashes, resulting in significant loss of life and property. A dilemma zone is a circumstance near signalized intersections where drivers hesitate when making decisions related to their driving behaviors. Therefore, the dilemma zone has been identified as an area with high crash potential. This article utilizes a logit-based Bayesian network (BN) hybrid approach to investigate drivers' decision patterns in a dilemma zone with phone use, based on experimental data from driving simulations from the National Advanced Driving Simulator (NADS). Using a logit regression model, five variables were found to be significant in predicting drivers' decisions in a dilemma zone with distractive phone tasks: older drivers (50–60 years old), yellow signal length, time to stop line, handheld phone tasks, and driver gender. The identified significant variables were then used to train a BN model to predict drivers' decisions at a dilemma zone and examine probabilistic impacts of these variables on drivers' decisions. The analysis results indicate that the trained BN model was effective in driver decision prediction and variable influence extraction. It was found that older drivers, a short yellow signal, a short time to stop line, nonhandheld phone tasks, and female drivers are factors that tend to result in drivers proceeding through intersections in a dilemma zone with phone use distraction. These research findings provide insight in understanding driver behavior patterns in a dilemma zone with distractive phone tasks.