Elasticities for taxicab fares and service availability

This study utilizes a unique dataset from New York City to examine the effects of taxi fare increases on trip demand and the availability of taxi service. The elasticity of trip demand with respect to fares is estimated to be –0.22; the elasticity of service availability with respect to the taxi fare is 0.28; and the elasticity of service availability with respect to total supply of service is near 1.0. These results have important implications for taxi regulatory decisions. First, fare increases do substantially increase industry revenues but at a lesser rate than the percentage increase in the fare. The implication for policy-makers is that fare elasticities must be carefully considered to obtain desired improvements in drivers' earnings. Second, service availability -- an important aspect of service quality that is generally overlooked during fare policy debates -- should be a central consideration in fare setting, given the considerable impact of fares on availability. Finally, where the supply of cabs needs to be expanded, the number of cabs can be significantly increased without harming the revenue stream of existing operators. This finding alleviates a major industry objection to issuing additional taxicab licenses.     

Competition and public service obligations in European aviation markets

This paper analyzes the effect of universal service policies on the airline markets of five European Union countries (France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom) in the period 2002–2010. Results show that airfare discount schemes for island residents raise demand and positively affect competition and the number of flights at the route level. These effects are evident in France and Italy, but are particularly marked in Spain. By contrast, public service obligations (PSOs) reduce competition on the protected routes, while their effect on the number of flights differs depending on national regulations. In Spain, routes protected with PSOs have greater flight frequencies than those on unprotected routes of similar characteristics, but in France, Italy and the UK the opposite result is found. The empirical model also finds that on routes with low-cost airlines market concentration is smaller and there is a larger number of flights. This result is relevant for the design of universal service policy, since in recent years low-cost airlines have entered a number of thin routes and have increased access to air transportation.     

LabVIEW的外部代码接口技术应用

在介绍虚拟仪器及其开发平台LabVIEW特点的基础上,研究其调用动态链接库和代码接口节点的方法。通过具体实例,证明了外部代码接口技术是增强LabVIEW整体功能的有效途径。     

The Downs–Thomson Paradox with responsive transit service

Downs (1962) and Thomson (1977) suggested that highway capacity expansion may produce counterproductive effects on the two-mode (auto and transit) transport system (Downs–Thomson Paradox). This paper investigates the occurrence of this paradox when transit authority can have different economic objectives (profit-maximizing or breakeven) and operating schemes (frequency, fare, or both frequency and fare). For various combinations of economic objectives and operating schemes, the interaction between highway expansion and transit service is explored, as well as its impact on travelers’ mode choices and travel utilities. Further, for each combination, the conditions for occurrence of the Downs–Thomson Paradox are established. We show that the paradox never occurs when transit authority is profit-maximizing, but it is inevitable when the transit authority is running to maximize travelers’ utility while maintaining breakeven. This is because the former transit authority tends to enhance transit service (e.g., raise frequency or reduce fare) when facing an expanded highway; and on the contrary, the latter tends to compromise transit service (e.g., reduce frequency or raise fare). Both analytical and numerical examples are provided to verify the theoretical results.     

要重视发展物流服务企业

本文阐述了发展物流服务企业的意义及应注意解决的问题     

远程技术支援系统构建及其关键问题研究

通过综合通信网络,实现系统、全面、高效的远程知识共享和管理的装备维修远程技术支援系统,是实现一体化保障组织体系,加强一体化协同保障力量的重要组成部分.在不远的未来,随着通信技术和信号管理技术的发展,将构建安全、可靠、开放的远程技术支援通信网络平台一面向服务的软件架构(SOA,Service Oriented Achitecture).在此过程中,需研究更高效、通用的抽象知识表示,构建更科学的服务评价体系和全方位的通信网络安全体系.     

基于插件技术实现遥测数据事后处理系统软件

针对不同型号导弹遥测数据事后处理方法存在差异,系统软件需要不断进行调整的问题,引入插件技术,将各类数据处理方法通过动态链接库设计成插件,方便软件的修改和功能扩充,满足遥测数据事后处理软件多样化特点,提高系统软件二次开发效率.     

北京地铁新线100km/h车辆热容量问题分析

对北京地铁新线100 km/h车辆热容量问题进行了分析,对4种基础制动装置的配置方案进行了探讨。     

移动电站维修常见技术问题分析

通过对移动电站维修中存在的技术问题深入分析,指出了问题的成因、导致的后果,并逐一提出了解决问题的方法和避免问题的注意事项等。     

内河干线航道服务区布局研究

为了有效地指导我国水网地区内河干线航道服务区规划建设,提升内河航道服务水平和水运行业形象,增强航道服务性功能,从内河航道服务区研究背景与研究现状分析入手,从航道服务性功能角度出发,对内河航道服务区进行系统定义与分类;结合船民服务需求意向调查,对各类服务区进行功能定位;分析内河干线航道服务区布局的指导性原则、要求、步骤,提出分类布局、整体优化的航道服务区布局方法.