Multi-objective optimization for asphalt pavement maintenance plans at project level: Integrating performance,cost and environment

Traditionally, asphalt pavement maintenance mainly considers pavement performance and cost and largely ignores the environment while substantial amount of environmental burdens are released in the process. In this study, a multi-objective optimization model was developed integrating the three elements in order to optimize the asphalt pavement maintenance plans at the project level. Pavement performance element was decided as the multiplier of pavement serviceability index and traffic volume. Cost element was represented by the net present value, including components of agency cost, vehicle operation cost and salvage value. Environmental element, integrating energy consumption, global warming potential, acidification potential and respiratory effects potential, was measured by the life cycle assessment model. A hypothetic asphalt pavement maintenance case study was conducted using the developed multi-objective optimization model and harvested 103 sets of feasible combinations of maintenance plans, each of which is non-dominated by the others. Trade-offs analysis was performed among the three objectives and visualized in both two- and three-dimension forms. It is found there is an opportunity of reducing the cost and environmental impacts to 80.3% and 77.8% and increasing the pavement performance to 146.6% compared to the base case. However, they are mutually compromised and cannot be reached simultaneously. The developed model reveals the quantitatively interactive relationship of the three objectives and helps optimize the asphalt pavement maintenance plans.     

基于PSO算法的地铁智能调线调坡系统开发与研究

为解决人工调线调坡费时费力、效率低下，且无有效评价指标评判方案优劣的现状问题，从分析线路平纵断面设计变量入手，依据规范相关规定制定约束条件，创新性地建立带有侵限容忍值惩罚项和合规性惩罚项的目标函数，提出一套基于粒子群优化算法，适用于矩形、马蹄形、圆形等多种隧道断面类型的地铁调线调坡数学分析模型，并以此开发地铁智能调线调坡系统。以长沙地铁4号线某区间右线隧道为例，对比人工设计和智能系统的调线调坡结果。由对比结果可知，智能系统在线路参数选择的合理性和改善侵限情况等方面均明显优于人工调线调坡，且具有可靠性和高效性。     

Variable speed limit control for severe non-recurrent freeway bottlenecks

Variable speed limit (VSL) schemes are developed based on the Kinematic Wave theory to increase discharge rates at severe freeway bottlenecks induced by non-recurrent road events such as incidents or work zones while smoothing speed transition. The main control principle is to restrict upstream demand (in free-flow) progressively to achieve three important objectives: (i) to provide gradual speed transition at the tail of an event-induced queue, (ii) to clear the queue around the bottleneck, and (iii) to discharge traffic at the stable maximum flow that can be sustained at the bottleneck without breakdown. These control objectives are accomplished without imposing overly restrictive speed limits. We further provide remedies for (a) underutilized bottleneck capacity due to underestimated stable maximum flow and (b) a re-emergent queue at the bottleneck due to an overestimated stable maximum flow. We analytically formulate the reductions in total delay in terms of control parameters to provide an insight into the system performance and sensitivity. The results from the parameter analysis suggest that significant delay savings can be realized with the proposed VSL control strategies.     

船舶智能设计浅析

随着《中国制造2025》提出综合实力进入世界制造强国前列的制造强国战略目标,基于新一代信息技术产业的智能制造工程正在各个产业迅速推进。但作为制造强国基础的智能工厂并不仅仅局限于智能制造,还应该包括智能设计、全范围的智能物流和智能管控等。其中智能设计是缩短产品研制周期的关键,通过智能设计产生最优化的数据、高正确率数据是缩减制造周期降低制造成本的关键。文章简要剖析智能设计在船舶行业的应用,基于现状展望智能设计的发展方向,并分析了发展智能设计所需的数据系统建设。     

基于轨道极限状态法的过渡板受力分析和配筋设计研究

京张高铁官厅水库特大桥为简支拱型大跨度钢桁梁桥,为防止梁端转角或错台量过大,降低梁端扣件系统受力,梁缝处设计采用了过渡板结构。为保证过渡板设计合理性和安全性,建立过渡板有限元实体模型进行受力分析,并首次运用轨道极限状态法对过渡板结构进行配筋设计。分析表明:(1)温度梯度作用对过渡板(420 mm厚)受力影响较大,在设计荷载中占据主导因素,在正温度梯度下,过渡板底部弯矩达到124.155 kN·m/m;(2)过渡板底部纵向弯矩在荷载基本组合作用下达到最大值,且实配配筋率最大,配筋时应注意以裂缝宽度为控制指标进行设计。     

基于ERP系统的产品生命周期评价

为了完善企业资源计划(ERP)系统中可用于产品生命周期评价(LCA)的数据，如材料、产品、工艺流程、运输和固体废弃物等，提出了一种支持LCA的ERP系统框架．在这一系统框架中，通过增加环境管理功能模块，可以连续跟踪、分析和控制产品环境数据，从而实现LCA数据收集的自动化．     

在室温及低温下316L、316LN不锈钢单轴低周疲劳特性的研究

本文在室温及低温下对316L、316LN奥氏体不锈钢进行了单独拉压低周疲劳试验及其微结构观察，利用穆斯堡尔谱方法，间接地证实了至今尚未得到试验证实的在316LN不锈钢中存在IS结合体的假设，基于宏观微观试验研究结果，深入研究了不锈钢的单轴低周疲劳特性对合金元素氮和试验温度依赖性的微观机理。     

复合主拱圈加固双跨空腹式石拱桥应用与研究

结合贵州省兴义市楼下长征桥（双跨空腹式石拱桥）加固项目,采用＂钢筋混凝土复合主拱圈＂加固技术提高旧桥承载能力。综合运用＂极限状态法＂和＂容许应力法＂评价加固后桥梁承载能力,从而对加固修复中、小跨径旧石拱桥,延长桥梁使用寿命,具有重要的现实指导意义。     

论文化产业的属性与运动规律

文化产业的多重属性是文化产业定义困难的原因,同时也是文化产业运动的特殊性之所在。文化产业的多重属性是文化产业发展主客观运动的结果。文化产业的多重属性决定了文化产业价值运动的多重性。正是这种多样性与复杂性影响和规定了文化产业运动规律的多样性与复杂性。文化产业增长周期波动规律对于文化产业发展具有特别重要的意义。     

立方非线性机翼的二重半稳定极限环分叉

对定常流作用下含立方非线性刚度的二元机翼颤振系统的二重半稳环分叉以及超临界Hopf分叉和次临界Hopf分叉进行了研究．在以线性刚度系数和流速为参数的二维参数平面内，求出了发生Hopf分叉的边界曲线的解析解，用谐波平衡法结合流速-等效刚度-颤振振幅关系耦合图找到了发生二重半稳极限环分叉的临界流速值。