Modeling heterogeneous risk-taking behavior in route choice: A stochastic dominance approach

This paper proposes a unified approach to modeling heterogonous risk-taking behavior in route choice based on the theory of stochastic dominance (SD). Specifically, the first-, second-, and third-order stochastic dominance (FSD, SSD, TSD) are respectively linked to insatiability, risk-aversion and ruin-aversion within the framework of utility maximization. The paths that may be selected by travelers of different risk-taking preferences can be obtained from the corresponding SD-admissible paths, which can be generated using general dynamic programming. This paper also analyzes the relationship between the SD-based approach and other route choice models that consider risk-taking behavior. These route choice models employ a variety of reliability indexes, which often make the problem of finding optimal paths intractable. We show that the optimal paths with respect to these reliability indexes often belong to one of the three SD-admissible path sets. This finding offers not only an interpretation of risk-taking behavior consistent with the SD theory for these route choice models, but also a unified and computationally viable solution approach through SD-admissible path sets, which are usually small and can be generated without having to enumerate all paths. A generic label-correcting algorithm is proposed to generate FSD-, SSD-, and TSD-admissible paths, and numerical experiments are conducted to test the algorithm and to verify the analytical results.     

The price of uncertainty in pavement infrastructure management planning: An integer programming approach

Currently there is a true dichotomy in the pavement maintenance and rehabilitation (M&R) literature. On the one hand, there are integer programming-based models that assume that parameters are deterministically known. On the other extreme, there are stochastic models, with the most popular class being based on the theory of Markov decision processes that are able to account for various sources of uncertainties observed in the real-world. In this paper, we present an integer programming-based alternative to account for these uncertainties. A critical feature of the proposed models is that they provide – a priori – probabilistic guarantees that the prescribed M&R decisions would result in pavement condition scores that are above their critical service levels, using minimal assumptions regarding the sources of uncertainty. By construction of the models, we can easily determine the additional budget requirements when additional sources of uncertainty are considered, starting from a fully deterministic model. We have coined this additional budget requirement the price of uncertainty to distinguish from previous related work where additional budget requirements were studied due to parameter uncertainties in stochastic models. A numerical case study presents valuable insights into the price of uncertainty and shows that it can be large.     

基于新型性能指标的冗余度机械臂重复运动规划之方案分析与验证

为解决冗余度机器人手臂在运动过程中出现的关节角偏差问题,探讨与分析了一种基于新型性能指标的二次型优化模型,以使机械臂的关节能实现重复运动.在考虑各种关节物理极限(如关节角度极限和关节速度极限)的情况下,该模型最终被转化为一个标准的二次型优化问题来求解.同时,基于负梯度法的原理分析和基于PUMA560的平面四连杆机械臂的计算机仿真结果表明,该方案具有可行性和有效性.     

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在集装箱多式联运系统中,内陆运输方式和路径的选择,对集装箱门到门运输过程的运输效果产生很大的影响.为更合理地组织多式联运,本文在充分考虑集装箱内陆运输路径因素的同时,研究集装箱多式联运在运输方式转换过程中节点作业随机特征对运输方式和路径选择的影响.以总成本最小为目标,建立带有时间约束的混合整数规划模型,通过图形变换,将问题转化为节点作业带有随机特征和运输时间约束的最短路模型.通过实例验证并对结果进行分析,求得的路径在成本和时间方面较合理,具有可操作性,可以成为多式联运路径选择的决策参考.     

混合语言编程在船舶水动力计算中的应用

针对VC++具有面向对象特征和开发图形界面方面的强大功能以及FORTRAN语言在数值计算方面的优势,着重介绍了VC++和FORTRAN二种语言混合编程需要的技术要点和实现方法.对混合编程规则中的调用约定、命名约定、数据的交换与传递、多维数组的传递、DLL的调用方式以及DLL的调试进行了详细的阐述,并通过两者的混合编程实现了对船舶水动力的计算.该计算精确而便捷,对船舶操纵预报、安全评估等方面的研究有很大的应用价值.     

谐波共振对电力系统的影响及其解决办法浅析

介绍一般电力系统中谐波污染的种类及其影响,提出了用频率扫描法来解决谐波污染的新方法,最后给出了示例.通过仿真结果证明,这是一种有效解决谐波污染的好方法.     

基于神经网络和混合编程的整流桥故障诊断研究

本文介绍了采用VC＋＋和MATLAB混合编程实现对三相整流桥进行故障诊断的方法。该方法通过VC＋＋调用MATLAB引擎来驱动神经网络,将神经网络、数据采集及人机接口结合起来,对三相整流桥的故障进行在线诊断。试验证明,经过足够的样本训练,采用三层BP神经网络能达到一定的准确度。     

基于二维主分量分析的人耳身份识别研究

有效的特征提取方法是解决人耳身份识别任务的关键之一。以主分量分析（PCA）为代表的线性子空间方法在特征提取工作中得到了广泛应用。为了更有效地提取人耳图像特征并减少运算量,将基于二维图像矩阵的2D-PCA方法应用于人耳身份识别。针对三个USTB人耳图像库,采用最近邻分类器,研究了选用不同的特征维数、贡献率,及不同的相似性测度时,2D-PCA方法与传统的PCA方法的识别性能。交叉验证的实验结果表明：2D-PCA方法较PCA方法获得了更短的训练时间和更高的识别率,说明基于图像矩阵的2D—PCA方法是一种效率更高,鲁棒性更强的人耳身份识别方法。     

承台-群桩结构波浪力理论分析

目前桥梁基础的波浪力计算大多采用数值模拟的方式进行研究,但数值模拟存在计算成本高、耗时长等缺点。因此基于线性势流理论首次推导了承台-群桩结构的波浪绕射作用计算公式,求解得到了承台波浪力的半解析解。首先将承台-群桩结构简化为上层穿出水面、下层嵌入水底的双层多柱体结构,其中上层单柱体代表承台,下层多柱体代表群桩。然后将计算域划分为承台外侧和下侧2个子域,子域间的交界面函数通过傅里叶级数处理,通过匹配特征函数展开法对每一个子域的速度势函数进行求解,最终得到承台表面波浪力。在进行解的收敛性分析和与边界元软件进行大量的对比验证后,分析了桩半径和承台高度对承台表面波浪力的影响。研究发现：在小波数范围内,承台表面的量纲一的波浪力会随着群桩的存在而增大,并随着桩半径的增加而进一步增大;同时承台高度的增加会首先对波浪力的增加有促进作用,但在承台高度达到某一临界值后,承台量纲一的波浪力将会减小。首次基于势流理论推导的双层多柱体波浪作用的理论公式,为承台-群桩结构表面波浪力的求解提出了一种新的半解析方法,相较于数值模拟,其能在保证结果准确性的同时,也能使得计算更加方便快捷、成本低廉,为之后波浪作用理论的进一步完善提供有力支撑。     

带形城市轨道交通TOD模式研究

带形城市由于其特殊的自然地理环境,城市空间布局及发展受限,城市用地与交通之间的矛盾尖锐,市区交通拥堵问题严重,成为城市发展的瓶颈。为解决当前带形城市交通发展难题,应当在带形城市规划建设中引入以城市轨道交通引导的TOD发展模式,制定城市发展主轴,以城轨站点为中心开发周边土地,建设良好市区环境,有效拓展城市规模。城轨交通TOD模式能以自身优势破除城市交通发展难题,改善城市结构布局,为调整市区土地结构提供机遇,是带形城市轨道交通可持续发展的有效途径。以兰州市轨道交通2号线为例,结合TOD理论,提出规划意见和建议。