基于时间序列法的舰船运动预报实验研究

采用线性自回归AR模型、具有首前波观测量的ARMA模型以及非线性自回归NAR模型三种方法分别对舰船运动进行预报,将得到的预报结果与实验测量结果进行验证比较,并对最佳预报模式进行讨论.     

全长粘结岩锚抗拔受力特性

根据锚杆与锚固浆之间界面耦合机理,分析了岩锚抗拔状态下界面剪应力的分布特征。基于变形协调得出小荷载情况下界面剪应力随离锚固受力点距离的增大成指数衰减,并随荷载增加,界面出现4个变形段,分离段和残余变形段随着塑性区开展产生非耦应力向远端传递。耦合区界面剪应力分布与小荷载情况不同,其相关模量参数可采用综合折减系数表示。同时,提出了单孔多锚杆受力剪应力衰减模型,并通过试验证示了现场锚杆在荷载逐级加大时,剪应力峰值强度的变化规律。     

混合交通流参数之间关系模型标定

提出了混合交通流参数之间关系模型的标定和超车换道率的计算方法,采用广深高速公路、广佛高速公路和沪宁高速公路的实测数据对模型进行了验证,并计算了各数据点的超车换道率.结果表明,流量、密度数据的相关系数都接近1,超车换道率介于-1和1之间.     

铁路罐式集装箱空箱调配优化模型及遗传模拟退火算法

针对罐式集装箱运输的特殊性,考虑重箱流和空箱流调配的综合优化,以罐箱运输费用最小为目标,建立铁路罐式集装箱空箱调配优化多商品网络流模型,并构造了1种嵌入模拟退火操作的遗传算法对之进行求解。为了使模型与算法可得到更符合实际、操作性更强的结果,给出了3种空罐箱调配的策略,作为隐含条件加入到算法求解过程中。利用自适应遗传模拟退火算法对随机生成的实际规模问题算例进行求解,并与用通用代数建模系统软件GAMS的计算结果进行对比。结果表明,前者得出的结果与最优解差距不大,而且运算速度更快,更能满足解决实际问题的需要,为铁路罐箱调配优化提供了良好的决策支持模型和算法。     

Roll- and pitch-plane-coupled hydro-pneumatic suspension. Part 2: dynamic response analyses

In the first part of this study, the potential performance benefits of fluidically coupled passive suspensions were demonstrated through analyses of suspension properties, design flexibility and feasibility. In this second part of the study, the dynamic responses of a vehicle equipped with different configurations of fluidically coupled hydro-pneumatic suspension systems are investigated for more comprehensive assessments of the coupled suspension concepts. A generalised 14 degree-of-freedom nonlinear vehicle model is developed and validated to evaluate vehicle ride and handling dynamic responses and suspension anti-roll and anti-pitch characteristics under various road excitations and steering/braking manoeuvres. The dynamic responses of the vehicle model with the coupled suspension are compared with those of the unconnected suspensions to demonstrate the performance potential of the fluidic couplings. The dynamic responses together with the suspension properties suggest that the full-vehicle-coupled hydro-pneumatic suspension could offer considerable potential in realising enhanced ride and handling performance, as well as improved anti-roll and anti-pitch properties in a very flexible and energy-saving manner.     

Fuzzy and adaptive fuzzy control for the automobiles’ active suspension system

Two typical criteria for good vehicle suspension performance are their ability to provide good road handling and increased passenger comfort. The main disturbance affecting these two criteria is terrain irregularities. Active suspension control systems reduce these undesirable effects by isolating car body motion from vibrations at the wheels. This paper describes fuzzy and adaptive fuzzy control (AFC) schemes for the automobile active suspension system (ASS). The design objective is to provide smooth vertical motion so as to achieve the road holding and riding comfort over a wide range of road profiles. The efficacy of the proposed control schemes is demonstrated via simulations. With respect to the optimal linear quadratic regulator (LQR), it is shown that superior results have been achieved by the AFC.     

Non-stationary random vibration analysis of three-dimensional train–bridge systems

The quarter car model has been used extensively to study the benefits of active, semi-active and passive suspensions. Despite the evident simplicity of the model, the insights obtained from this model have been found to have counterparts in half- and full-car suspension models. Among the most interesting results of the analysis of the quarter car are the relationships among certain transfer function and invariant points in the frequency response functions. These results are of great interest for the application of linear control techniques to the design of active suspensions and the optimisation of linearised passive suspensions. This paper attempts to show why some of the limitations implied by the model are less absolute than they at first seem.     

提速车辆转向架橡胶球铰刚度分析

根据提速客车转向架橡胶球铰的结构特点，结合橡胶的本构模型及相关系数，利用ABAQUS软件对其径向刚度、轴向刚度、偏转刚度和扭转刚度进行了分析，并将计算结果和试验结果进行了比较。结果表明：计算结果和试验结果具有较好的一致性，利用有限元分析能指导橡胶球铰及同类产品的结构设计。     

Scott变压器内部故障暂态仿真模型

结合Scott变压器接线原理与基本方程，建立了由2个单相变压器组成的Scott变压器的内部故障仿真模型，分析了故障发生时单相变压器各端口电压同三相电源之间的关系，仿真计算了其内部故障电流及励磁涌流。     

客车寿命周期成本模型研究

依据IEC300-3-3《寿命周期成本分析》标准中有关寿命周期成本分析的基本原理，以25型客车为对象，采用成本项目建模方式，建立了其寿命周期成本模型。运用该寿命周期成本模型，可为客车的设计、生产、销售及维修决策提供经济性依据。