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李胜利 《铁路工程造价管理》2010,25(2):1-3,13
在国家启动大规模铁路建设的背景下,加强投资控制,节约来之不易的建设资金尤为重要。此文在对铁路工程设计阶段投资控制规律进行分析的基础上,针对技术与经济有机协调、不同阶段投资控制的精度、投资控制方法的选择和应用、专业间接口、“四新”技术的合理定价等影响投资控制的关键问题,提出了处理的意见和建议。这些意见和建议有利于提高新时期铁路投资控制的设计和管理水平,从而更好地满足大规模、高标准铁路建设的需要。 相似文献
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阐述牵引变电所三相V/v接线牵引变压器差动保护极性的影响因素及其校验方法(微机保护的极性、主变压器的极性和电流互感器的极性3方面),分析了包西线某牵引变电所主变压器设计和接线的缺陷,提出并验证了三相V/v接线牵引变压器差动保护接线方式的正确性。 相似文献
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分析了韶山7型电力机车通过关节式电分相时经常产生过电压的原因及影响因素,利用Matlab仿真软件建立了仿真模型,得到了暂态仿真波形,并对仿真波形进行了分析;提出利用阻容保护装置或氧化锌避雷器方法来减小过电压问题。仿真结果表明2种方法均能有效降低过电压。 相似文献
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高液限粘土适于直接填筑分类指标研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
从路基的稳定与变形角度出发,研究了高液限粘土适合于直接填筑的土质分类,提出了土的内摩擦角Ф、粘聚力指标c、土质的强度指标CBR、压实度、压缩系数等适合于直接填筑的土质分类的具体指标,并对这些分类指标进行了定量化分析。 相似文献
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高液限土主要分布于我国南方地区,是公路修筑中常见的特殊土之一,我国有关规范规定其不得直接用于路基的填筑。本文对广东某高速公路的高液限土进行了详细的室内稳定剂改良试验,得出了不同处治方法的改良效果。铺筑了采用康耐稳定剂改良的高液限土试验路,并进行了相应的观测,初步明确了康耐稳定剂改良高液限土路基的稳定效果。 相似文献
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This paper estimates the role that technological change and car characteristics have played in the rate of fuel consumption of vehicles over time. Using data from the Spanish car market from 1988 to 2013, we estimate a reduced form equation that relates fuel consumption with a set of car characteristics. The results for the sales-weighted sample of vehicles show that energy efficiency would have improved by 30% and 42% for petrol and diesel cars respectively had car characteristics been held constant at 1988 values. However, the shift to bigger and more fuel-consuming cars reduced the gains from technological progress. Additionally, using the results of the fuel equation we show that, besides a natural growth rate of 1.1%, technological progress is affected by both the international price of oil and the adoption of mandatory emission standards. Moreover, according to our estimations, a 1% growth in GDP would modify car characteristics in such a way that fuel consumption would increase by around 0.23% for petrol cars and 0.35% for diesel cars. 相似文献
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The increase in extreme weather events due to climate change poses serious challenges to public transit systems. These events disrupt transit operations, impair service quality, increase threats to public safety, and damage infrastructure. Despite the growing risk of extreme weather and climate change, little is known about how public managers recognize, experience and address these risks. Using data from a national study of public transit agencies we investigate the types of extreme weather events transit agencies are experiencing, the associated risks, and how agencies are preparing for them. We find that while extreme events are commonly experienced by transit agencies across states and transit managers perceive increased risks from these events, most agencies rely on the traditional emergency management approach to address extreme weather ex post rather than taking a proactive approach to mitigating the adverse weather impact on transit assets and infrastructure ex ante. Managers report that a lack of access to financial resources is the greatest challenge for undertaking adaptation and preparation. We conclude with a discussion of what these findings mean for understanding organizational adaptation behavior as well as climate adaptation policy making. 相似文献
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Climate change (CC) potentially affects people travel behaviour, due to extreme weather conditions. This is particularly true for pedestrians, that are more exposed to weather conditions. Introducing the effect of this change in transport modelling allows to analyse and plan walking networks taking into consideration the climatic variable. The aim of this work is to develop a tool that can support planning and design of walking networks, by assessing the effects of actions oriented to increase resilience with respect to extreme weather conditions (CC adaptation).An integrated approach is used, thus combining transport and land-use planning concepts with elements of outdoor thermal comfort and network accessibility. Walking networks are analysed through centrality indexes, including thermal comfort aspects into a general cost function of links and weighted nodes. The method has been applied to the walking network inside the Campus of the University of Catania (Italy), which includes different functions and where pedestrian paths are barely used by people. Results confirm that this tool is sensitive to the variables representing weather conditions and it can measure the influence of CC adaptation measures (e.g. vegetation) on walking attitude and on the performance of the walking network. 相似文献