热再生沥青混合料动态模量试验研究

为了对热再生沥青混合料的动态特性做进一步的研究,采用简单性能试验机（SPT）采用不同温度和荷载频率分别测试了热再生沥青混合料和普通热拌沥青混合料在动态模量与相位角。在分析以上实验数据的基础上进一步分析了荷载频率、试验温度对沥青混合料动态特性的影响。依据时一温等效原理,借助西格摩德（Sigmoidal）函数通过拟合最终确定了两种沥青混合料动态模量主曲线和位移因子。结果表明热再生沥青混合料其动态模量与普通沥青热拌混合料基本相当,其力学性能得到一定程度的恢复。     

A study of the influence of severe environmental conditions on common traffic congestion features

On the basis of real traffic and environmental data measured on German freeways, we studied common features of traffic congestion under the influence of severe weather conditions. We have found that traffic features [J] and [S] defining traffic phases “wide moving jam” (J) and “synchronized flow” (S) in Kerner's three‐phase theory are indeed common spatiotemporal traffic features. The quantitative parameters for both traffic phases [S] and [J] were investigated in a comparison of “ideal” weather conditions (good visibility and no precipitation) and severe weather situations (icy road, wind, precipitation, etc.). We showed spatiotemporal congested patterns in several space–time diagrams based on the Automatic Tracking of Moving Jams/Forecasting of Traffic Objects (ASDA/FOTO) model reconstruction for roadside detectors. A statistical study of traffic phase [J] parameters was presented, showing the average values and standard deviation of the quantities. Similarities and differences were analyzed, and some consequences for vehicular applications were discussed to cope with severe weather conditions. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

双钢轮振动压路机振动功率研究

理论分析、ADAMS仿真分析和试验结果对比表明,双钢轮振动压路机前后振动轮单振时振动系统负荷波动始终存在,振动液压系统实际功率消耗大于理论计算功耗。前后振动轮双振时,改变前后轮振动相位差可以使振动系统负荷波动发生改变,降低振动系统实际功率消耗。当前后轮振动相位差为180°时,前后轮振动系统负荷波动相互抵消,振动液压系统实际消耗功率最小,应尽可能使双钢轮振动压路机在该状态下工作。     

A00铝锭配置A356铝液工艺研究

摩托车铝合金车轮对力学性能有严格的要求.目前,采用A356铝锭熔化后重力铸造的方式生产,材料成本较高.将价格相对低廉的工业纯铝A00直接配置成A356铝液,增加除气、除渣及静置工序,以获得符合车轮力学性能要求的重力铸造工艺,来满足降低铸造成本的要求.     

周期性变温作用下沥青路面温度应力有限元分析

应用ANSYS有限元软件对周期性变温作用下沥青路面温度应力进行计算,分析了不同因素对沥青路面各结构层温度应力的影响。     

Impacts of an emission based private car taxation policy - First year ex-post analysis

This paper assesses the impacts of a targeted policy designed to influence car purchasing trends towards lower CO₂ emitting vehicles. Vehicle registration tax and annual motor tax rates in Ireland changed in July 2008 from being based on engine size to emissions performance of cars. This paper provides a one year ex-post analysis of the first year of the tax change, tracking the change in purchasing trends arising from the measure related to specific CO₂ emissions, engine size and fuel, and the implications for car prices, CO₂ emissions abatement, and revenue gathered. While engine efficiency improvements had been offset by purchasing trends towards larger and generally less efficient cars in the past, with the average MJ/km remaining constant from 2000 to 2007, this analysis shows that in the first year of the new taxation system the average specific emissions of new cars fell by 13% to 145 g/km. This was brought about, not by a reduction in engine size, but rather through a significant shift to diesel cars. Despite an unexpected reduction in car sales due to a recession in 2008, the policy measure has had a larger than anticipated impact on CO₂ emissions, calculated to be 5.9 ktCO₂ in the first year of the measure. The strong price signal did however result in a 33% reduction in tax revenue from VRT, in financial terms amounting to a drop of €166 million compared to a baseline situation.     

液体石油管道内腐蚀直接评价方法

基于美国腐蚀工程师协会提出的液体石油管道内腐蚀直接评价标准,介绍了适用于该种管道的腐蚀直接评价方法,并阐述了该方法的4个步骤,即预评价、间接检测、详细检查和后评价.运用油水流型预测、管道积水情况分布以及固体夹带与沉降3个方面的模型来确定腐蚀的具体位置和数量,并考虑了破乳、微生物腐蚀和杀菌剂、固体成分以及局部流动条件下对...     

基于平方根UKF的机载单站无源定位跟踪算法

针对只测角机载无源定位跟踪具有收敛速度慢及定位误差大的缺点,在只测角定位跟踪模型中加入相位差变化率信息并在此基础上引入平方根不敏卡尔曼滤波（UKF）算法来实现定位与跟踪。仿真结果表明增加相位差信息能够改善定位性能,平方根UKF算法具有比EKF算更快的收敛速度和更高的收敛精度,实用性强。     

基于对比度最优的SAS图像自聚焦

合成孔径声纳（synthetic aperture sonar：SAS）成像中,主要通过自聚焦校正剩余相位误差。对比度最优自聚焦算法（contrast optimization autofocusing algorithm：COAA）是典型的参数化自聚焦方法,一般用于估计二次相位误差。SAS图像中的二次相位误差主要由前向速度偏差和视线方向加速度引起,本文将COAA用于校正SAS图像中由于速度偏差引入的二次相位误差。仿真和实测数据处理结果表明,对比度最优自聚焦算法可以有效补偿图像中的由于速度偏差引起的相位误差。     

舱内液货对双层舷侧碰撞性能的影响分析

随着大型油轮及液化气船的相继开发和应用,载液货船在碰撞中的损伤问题越来越备受关注.采用大型动力非线性有限元软件ABAQUSXEXPLICIT,对空载和80%装载两种状态下的碰撞动力学过程进行了数值仿真计算.通过两种装载状态下碰撞力载荷、舷侧各构件(舷侧外板、内板及之间十字隔板)损伤变形模式、范围及塑性变形能吸收等的对比分析发现:舱内液货对舷侧外板影响不大,但十字隔板及舷侧内板在损伤范围和能量吸收上均得到了很大的提升,尤其以与液货接触的舷侧内板最为显著.这说明舱内液货对船舶舷侧碰撞性能影响极为不利,在结构设计时必须予以充分考虑.