基于对比度最优的SAS图像自聚焦

合成孔径声纳（synthetic aperture sonar：SAS）成像中,主要通过自聚焦校正剩余相位误差。对比度最优自聚焦算法（contrast optimization autofocusing algorithm：COAA）是典型的参数化自聚焦方法,一般用于估计二次相位误差。SAS图像中的二次相位误差主要由前向速度偏差和视线方向加速度引起,本文将COAA用于校正SAS图像中由于速度偏差引入的二次相位误差。仿真和实测数据处理结果表明,对比度最优自聚焦算法可以有效补偿图像中的由于速度偏差引起的相位误差。     

舱内液货对双层舷侧碰撞性能的影响分析

随着大型油轮及液化气船的相继开发和应用,载液货船在碰撞中的损伤问题越来越备受关注.采用大型动力非线性有限元软件ABAQUSXEXPLICIT,对空载和80%装载两种状态下的碰撞动力学过程进行了数值仿真计算.通过两种装载状态下碰撞力载荷、舷侧各构件(舷侧外板、内板及之间十字隔板)损伤变形模式、范围及塑性变形能吸收等的对比分析发现:舱内液货对舷侧外板影响不大,但十字隔板及舷侧内板在损伤范围和能量吸收上均得到了很大的提升,尤其以与液货接触的舷侧内板最为显著.这说明舱内液货对船舶舷侧碰撞性能影响极为不利,在结构设计时必须予以充分考虑.     

重叠网格在船舶CFD中的应用研究

文章采用RANS方法和重叠网格计算了带自由液面的船舶绕流问题。计算网格采用重叠网格的型式,自由液面的模拟采用单相Level-Set方法,Reynolds应力采用k-ω模型,采用体单元有限差分方法和PISO算法求解RANS方程。文中简要描述了重叠网格和单相Level Set自由液面模拟方法的数学模型及求解。通过对S60单体船型约束模和自由模型采用重叠网格的数值求解及与试验结果的比较表明该重叠可较好地模拟带自由液面船舶自由态绕流问题。另采用重叠网格对一简单的双体船和三体船进行了数值求解,计算结果也表明重叠网格和单相Level-Set方法可较好地模拟带自由液面的船舶绕流问题。     

液体散货码头双层平台的使用

根据工作经验,总结双层平台使用条件和分类,分析管道设置在工作平台下层的优缺点和局限性,归纳上层操作平台的功能分类和结构形式,说明其在特定物料和自然条件下使用具有一定的优势.     

磁阻传感器在载波相位测姿中的应用

GPS载波测姿精度高、启动快,但容易受干扰影响,存在固有的周跳现象.为此提出了一种利用磁阻传感器辅助GPS测姿的新方法,基于载波测量的双差方程,通过基线长度和磁阻航向的双重约束,提高模糊度估计的可靠性和测量的稳定性.实际测试结果表明,该方法有效地剔除了载波姿态测量的异常值,具有应用价值.     

北仑五期集装箱码头工程总体布置

分析北仑五期集装箱码头工程区域的自然条件、与相邻工程的关系等总体布置时考虑的主要因素,介绍北仑五期集装箱码头工程总体布置思路,阐述岸线布置、码头宽度、引桥布置、港池水域布置、陆域堆场布置、辅建区布置、集装箱大门布置、港区道路布置、对外集疏运等平面布置方案要点。     

液货船实船装载破损稳性安全性研究

研究了若干液货船实际运营条件下的破损稳性,指出了装载手册计算的典型装载下的破损稳性安全水平并不能完全保证实船装载的安全性。并针对该问题研究提出了若干应对建议。     

Using a stages of change approach to explore opportunities for increasing bicycle commuting

Given the potential benefits of bicycling to the environment, the economy, and public health, many U.S. cities have set ambitious goals for increasing the bicycle share of commute trips. The Transtheoretical Model of Behavior Change, which seeks to describe how positive and permanent change can be fostered in individuals, may shed light on how cities can most effectively increase bicycle commuting. We use the model’s “stages of change” framework to explore the potential for increased bicycle commuting to the UC Davis campus in Davis, California. Our analysis uses data from the 2012 to 2013 UC Davis Campus Travel Survey, an annual online survey that is randomly administered to students and employees at UC Davis. Based on their responses to questions about current commute mode and contemplation of bicycle commuting, respondents are divided into five stages of change: Pre-contemplation, Contemplation, Preparation, Action, and Maintenance. We construct a Bayesian multilevel ordinal logistic regression model to understand how differences in socio-demographic characteristics, travel attributes, and travel attitudes between individuals explain their membership in different stages of change. In addition, we use this model to explore the potential of various intervention strategies to move individuals through the stages of change toward becoming regular bicycle commuters. Our results indicate that travel attitudes matter more to progression toward regular commute bicycling than travel attributes, tentatively supporting the efficacy of “soft” policies focused on changing travel attitudes.     

Analysis and Potential Alternatives for the Disputed South China Sea from Ocean Governance in the Polar Regions

Sovereignty claims over insular features and maritime jurisdiction in the South China Sea have been disputed for decades, and a governance regime to address ocean-related issues is urgently needed. This article first introduces the notion of a regime, and examines details of cooperation mechanisms in the Polar Regions. Lessons that can be applied to the South China Sea include that both soft and hard law regimes work to bring States concerned together to cooperate on the “commons” issues even when military conflicts or sovereignty disputes still exist. Consensus among bordering States would be necessary to make the South China Sea a “zone of peace.” Mechanisms that accommodate the various sovereignty claims and freeze existing and new claims to, as well as to prohibit military activities in, the South China Sea are recommended. Lastly, if a cooperative mechanism were to be established in the future, the Arctic regime would be more applicable to the South China Sea than the Antarctic regime due to their geographic nature. Thus, only States bordering the South China Sea should have voting and decision-making rights in the cooperative mechanism. As always, the political will of all parties is paramount to the success of such an endeavor.     

Impact evaluation of a mass transit fare change on demand and revenue utilizing smart card data

Transit fares are an effective tool for demand management. Transit agencies can raise revenue or relieve overcrowding via fare increases, but they are always confronted with the possibility of heavy ridership losses. Therefore, the outcome of fare changes should be evaluated before implementation. In this work, a methodology was formulated based on elasticity and exhaustive transit card data, and a network approach was proposed to assess the influence of distance-based fare increases on ridership and revenue. The approach was applied to a fare change plan for Beijing Metro. The price elasticities of demand for Beijing Metro at various fare levels and trip distances were tabulated from a stated preference survey. Trip data recorded by an automatic fare collection system was used alongside the topology of the Beijing Metro system to calculate the shortest path lengths between all station pairs, the origin–destination matrix, and trip lengths. Finally, three fare increase alternatives (high, medium, and low) were evaluated in terms of their impact on ridership and revenue. The results demonstrated that smart card data have great potential with regard to fare change evaluation. According to smart card data for a large transit network, the statistical frequency of trip lengths is more highly concentrated than that of the shortest path length. Moreover, the majority of the total trips have a length of around 15 km, and these are the most sensitive to fare increases. Specific attention should be paid to this characteristic when developing fare change plans to manage demand or raise revenue.