长沙市轨道交通2号线列车能耗分析

以长沙市轨道交通2号为例,分析了列车空载工况和载客工况下的能耗情况,结果表明根据列车能耗系统的实时统计数据核实列车能耗的方式是可靠的。在此基础上,计算分析了列车运行过程中乘客总体重的能耗,与列车自重能耗相比,列车自重能耗在列车总能耗中占很大的比重,因此:合理地降低车辆自重将成为今后车辆设计的重要课题,根据线路客流量特点制定大小交路时刻表将成为城市轨道交通运营公司降低运营成本的研究方向。     

城市高架桥现浇箱梁涉地铁施工技术

为满足人民对城市规模和服务水平日益增长的需求,中国作为基建大国,城市建设水平和规模不断提高,城市基础建设日益完善。在城市交通建设中,城市公路跨越地铁隧道的情况越来越多,在施工过程中对既有地铁线路的运营具有较大影响。针对城市公路桥梁上部结构,支架现浇箱梁跨越地铁隧道特别保护区,为满足“地铁隧道上方新增荷载不大于20 kPa”的施工技术进行研究。     

动应变测量在桥梁动挠度识别中的应用分析

随着桥梁的发展,桥梁的问题也逐渐增多,近年来,我国出现了多起桥梁安全事故,主要是因为桥梁的变形产生,而挠度为桥梁变形的指标,故研究梁的挠度识别很重要。首先,通过分析和介绍位移模态理论与应变模态理论的异同点,以及应变模态理论得到梁的应变模态的表示,在此基础上,提出了互关函数在梁动挠度识别中的应用。然后,通过以实际工程为研究对象,按照1∶10的比例建立桥梁实验模型,桥梁模型全长10m,截面积为2.52cm^2,高50mm,将其分成20段,每0.5m为一个单元,计算其挠度。最后,进行实际桥梁验证,将实际桥梁的测量值与桥梁模型的挠度计算值进行对比。通过实验得到,对梁施加脉冲荷载研究其动挠度的识别值与精确值之间的吻合度,并且得到测量点的布置对吻合度的影响。对梁施加动荷载,即EL CENTRO地震波,通过对比研究动荷载作用下,动挠度的识别值和精确值之间的吻合度,得到互关函数法在动挠度中的应用,对同类型的研究具体一定的参考价值。     

山区公路驾驶视觉信息量计算方法研究

为解决山区公路中驾驶视觉信息量难以量化的问题,对驾驶视野图像进行分割,根 据HSV颜色模型,提取视野图像的色调、饱和度、亮度值,再结合车速值,在驾驶视觉心理负荷的基础上,提出山区公路路域环境下的驾驶视觉信息量计算方法.通过实车实验,进行数据采集,并验证计算方法.计算结果表明,在半郁闭型空间行驶时,接收的视觉信息量最大;在郁闭型空间中,接收的信息量最小.计算结果与被试实际感受具有一致性,说明本文提出的驾驶视觉信息量计算方法具有可行性,可为路域环境的合理布设提供一定的技术参考.     

Equivalent design pressure for ship plates subjected to moving slamming impact loads

When a ship navigates at sea, the slamming impact can generate significant load pulses which move up along the hull plating. The effect of the moving pressure has so far not been explicitly considered in the Rules and Regulations for the Classification of Ships. Based on a modal superposition method and the Lagrange equation, this paper derives analytical solutions to study the elastic dynamic responses of fully clamped rectangular plates under moving pressure impact loads. The spatial variation of the moving slamming impact pressure is simplified to three types of impact loads, i.e. a rectangular pulse, a linearly decaying pulse and an exponentially decaying pulse. The dynamic responses of fully clamped rectangular plates under the moving slamming impact pressure are calculated in order to investigate the influence of the load pulse shapes and moving speed on the plate structural behaviour. It is found that the structural response of the plate increases with the increase of the moving speed. The response of the plate subjected to a moving pressure impact load is smaller than the case when the plate is subjected to a spatially uniform distributed impact load with the same load amplitude and load duration. In order to quantify the effect of the moving speed on the dynamic load, a Dynamic Moving Load Coefficient (DMLC) is introduced as the ratio between the dynamic load factor for the moving impact load and that under the spatially uniform distributed impact load. An expression for DMLC is proposed based on analyses of various scenarios using the developed analytical model. Finally an empirical formula which transforms the moving impact loads to an equivalent static load is proposed.     

Numerical simulation of level ice impact on landing craft bow considering the transverse isotropy of Baltic Sea ice based on XFEM

Ice bending is a major failure mechanism of level ice when ships and marine structures interact with level ice. This paper aims to investigate the ice bending and ice load when level ice collides on ships and marine structures using numerical simulation method, and compare the numerical results with field test. The fracture of ice is simulated with extended finite element method (XFEM), and cohesive zone concept is used to describe the crack propagation. In order to consider the characteristics of S2 columnar ice, a transversely isotropic elastic material model is used for the ice bulk elements, and a transversely isotropic Tsai-Wu failure criterion is adopted to predict the initiation of cracks. A well-controlled field test of a landing craft bow colliding with level ice in Baltic Sea is simulated to verify the numerical scheme. The ice plate's continuous deformation, crack initiation and crack propagation at different impact velocities and angles are simulated and the results are discussed. In the simulation, the bending crack emerges at the midline of the top surface of ice plate, then propagates towards free boundary, and finally a circumferential crack forms. It is found that with the impact velocity increases, the bending load increases and the fracture size (perpendicular distance from the crack to the contact edge) decreases. And as the angle between the landing craft bow and vertical direction increases, the bending load and the fracture size decrease. The simulated results corresponds well with the field test. The competition between the circumferential crack and radial crack is also found in the simulation and will be discussed in this paper. The results show that this method well simulates the bending of level ice and predict the ice load, and provides a good approach for investigating the mechanism of different forms of level ice fracture.     

快速重载运输趋势下的城轨车辆技术发展特征

随着城市化的进程,城轨交通客流强度不断增大,发车间隔不断压缩,使得我国城轨交通呈现出快速、重载、智能的发展趋势。文章结合我国目前城轨车辆快速、重载的发展状况,提出城轨车辆最大轴重的概念和建议值,且应按最大轴重对承载结构件进行设计,详细分析了城轨车辆结构件的技术发展特征,并建议应及时检测和维护车轮和钢轨,降低车、轨的振动和噪声,以提高车、轨的综合使用寿命。     

地铁隧道二次衬砌钢筋网防裂性能研究

为了定量分析防裂钢筋网提高隧道衬砌结构抗裂性能的机理和幅度,以地铁双线隧道二次衬砌结构为研究对象,采用荷载结构法和杆系有限元数值模拟方案,定量分析二次衬砌结构不设置与设置钢筋网这2种情况下的开裂临界荷载。其中素混凝土结构以达到极限拉应变为临界状态,衬砌结构增设钢筋网后以达到GB 50157-2013《地铁设计规范》允许的最大裂缝宽度0.2mm为临界状态。分析结果表明,配置防裂钢筋网后,Ⅲ级和Ⅳ级围岩衬砌结构抗裂性能可分别提高22.4%和19.3%,Ⅴ级围岩衬砌结构抗裂性能提高15.2%;Ⅲ级和Ⅳ级围岩二次衬砌结构的破坏形式由脆性破坏变为延性破坏,从而提高了其安全性能。     

内压载荷下X80管道裂纹应力分布规律研究

为了研究内压作用下管道裂纹应力场分布规律,以含有表面裂纹的X80管道为研究对象,对不同形状、不同方向、不同内压、不同尺寸的含裂纹管道进行仿真分析和实验验证。结果表明:裂纹尖端处应力远大于裂纹中心应力。裂纹形状对应力影响作用较小,随着裂纹方向与管道轴向夹角增大,裂纹尖端应力先增大后减小,随着管道内压、裂纹深度、裂纹长度的增大,裂纹尖端处应力随之线性增大。其中,裂纹长度对裂纹尖端应力的影响小于管道内压和裂纹深度。     

基于多维信息特征分析的驾驶人认知负荷研究

准确评估驾驶人认知负荷水平,对于深入研究驾驶人行为特性,改善驾驶安全性具有重要意义。现有的驾驶人认知负荷分类方法,大多基于心电、脑电等生理信息和车辆信息,由于特征选择上的单一性,导致驾驶人认知负荷分类模型的分类精度不高。设计基于跟驰场景的不同认知负荷N-back次任务试验,通过采集受试者的生理信号和车辆信号,结合NASA_TLX主观评分和机器学习算法,提出了基于多维信息特征融合的驾驶人认知负荷分类方法。研究表明：基于生理信息和车辆信息的多维信息特征认知负荷分类方法,其精度显著高于传统的基于生理信息的认知负荷分类方法,以多维信息特征为输入,随机森林法以其稳定性好、抗过拟合能力强的特点,表现出优异的分类效果,相比神经网络和支持向量机,具有最高的平均分类精度。