氢氟醚电解液在锂金属电池中的应用研究

无负极锂金属电池存在容量损失快和循环寿命短的缺点。本文设计制备一种氢氟醚电解液,探究其在无负极锂金属电池中的应用。采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)进行分析,结果表明该氢氟醚电解液对高面容量银碳基无负极锂金属电池的循环性能有着优良的改善作用。氢氟醚电解液减少了锂枝晶的产生,提高了沉积锂的致密性,在大于3 mAh/cm2的高面容量下,银碳基无负极锂金属电池在0.5C的倍率下50次循环后仍保持96.2%的平均库伦效率,展现了优良的循环性能和良好的倍率性能,1C倍率下容量保持率≥85%。     

An efficient and exact event-based algorithm for solving simplified first order dynamic network loading problems in continuous time

In this paper a novel solution algorithm is proposed for exactly solving simplified first order dynamic network loading (DNL) problems for any generalised network. This DNL solution algorithm, termed eLTM (event-based Link Transmission Model), is based on the seminal Lighthill–Witham–Richards (LWR) model, adopts a triangular fundamental diagram and includes a generalised first order node model formulation. Unlike virtually all DNL solution algorithms, eLTM does not rely on time discretisation, but instead adopts an event based approach. The main advantage of this approach is the possibility of yielding exact results. Furthermore, an approximate version of the same algorithm is introduced. The user can configure an a-priori threshold that dictates the approximation error (measurable a-posteriori). Using this approximation the computational effort required decreases significantly, making it especially suitable for large scale applications. The computational complexity is investigated and results are demonstrated via theoretical and real world case studies. Fixed periods of stationary demands are included adopting a matrix demand profile to mimic basic departure time demand fluctuations. Finally, the information loss of the approximate solution is assessed under different configurations.     

In-use measurement of the activity, fuel use, and emissions of eight cement mixer trucks operated on each of petroleum diesel and soy-based B20 biodiesel

In-use micro-scale fuel use and emission rates were measured for eight cement mixer trucks using a portable emission measurement system. Each vehicle was tested on petroleum diesel and B20 biodiesel. Average fuel use and emission rates increase monotonically versus engine manifold absolute pressure. A typical duty cycle includes loading at a cement plant, transit while loaded from the cement plant to work site, creeping in a queue of vehicles at the worksite, unloading, and transit without load from the site to the plant. For B20 versus petroleum diesel, there is no significant change in the rate of fuel use, CO₂ emissions, and NO emissions, and significant decreases in emissions for CO, hydrocarbons, and particulate matter. For loaded versus unloaded onroad travel, fuel use and CO₂ emissions rates are approximately 60% higher and the rates for other pollutants are approximately 30–50% higher. A substantial portion of cycle emissions occurred at the work site. Inter-vehicle and intra-cycle variability are also quantified using the micro-scale methodology.     

高速铁路生命周期碳排放计算方法

基于生命周期评价理论,对高速铁路生命周期二氧化碳排放计算的边界进行界定,将高速铁路的生命周期划分为基础设施建造、运营和回收3个阶段；根据对各阶段高速铁路二氧化碳排放清单的分析,分别给出各个阶段二氧化碳排放的计算式；通过算例分析了高速铁路在建造和运营阶段碳排放的特点.分析和数值计算结果表明,虽然在高速铁路基础设施建设过程中由于大量建设材料和高能耗施工机械的使用,使得高速铁路建造阶段的二氧化碳排放量相对较多；但是,由于高速铁路具有节约能源、节省土地和货运增量替代效应等特点,使得高速铁路进入运营阶段后二氧化碳的排放量大幅度减少,即从生命周期全过程来看,高速铁路具有较好的减排效果.     

BIM在铁路设计中的应用探讨

通过阐述建筑信息模型(BIM)概念,分析基于BIM技术的全生命周期理念的建筑优势,并介绍BIM技术在国内外建筑业及国内铁路行业的发展现状,提出铁路设计应用BIM的5个关键点:与GIS技术结合、综合管线碰撞检测、站场运营管理、协同设计与作业、项目各阶段的衔接,总结国内BIM发展存在的问题:行业标准缺失、三维协同设计理念缺乏、专业软件不足、市场认知与人才培养问题,并提出对应的推行BIM策略,最后提出BIM将引领铁路建设向信息化、智能化发展。     

增压空气驱动LiBr吸收式制冷复合循环的热力性能分析

提出吸收式制冷复合循环新模式，讨论了复合循环的热力计算。单效／双效复合循环有高低压2个发生器，高压发生器由高温级热源驱动，低压发生器由来自高压发生器的冷剂蒸汽与低温级热源联合驱动，实现高低温级热源的能量梯级利用。作为实例，对由高低温两级增压空气中冷器驱动的单效／双效复合循环进行了热力计算，并与单效循环和双效循环进行了热力性能比较。结果表明，复合循环的热力系数和制冷量均比单效循环高出15％，复合循环的余热利用量和制冷量分别高出双效循环153％和110％。     

基于灰色预测模型的某型导弹费用研究

随着导弹武器装备技术含量提高、组成变复杂,各种费用也随之增加,对其费用的分析具有涉及范围广、时间跨度大、变量多及数据离散等特点。分析此类系统的特点,利用灰色理论的对其费用进行研究,并从某型导弹有限的寿命周期费用数据出发,建立GM(1,1)模型进行预测,结果较好。     

多点群控系统的检测

阐述了多点巡回检测控制系统的构成方法,对具体电路进行了分析,用计算机软件发射编码信号及控制命令,对报警探头状态进行了判别.     

柴油机掺烧气体燃料的低负荷性能试验研究

采用试验方法研究柴油机低负荷工况掺烧LPG和CNG燃料的经济性和排放性能,探讨气体燃料掺烧比例、喷油提前角和压缩比对低负荷性能的影响,研究表明,柴油机低负荷掺烧气体燃料会导致燃烧室温度下降、燃烧不良、经济性下降和HC排放急剧增加,因此,减少气体燃料掺烧比例、增大喷油提前角、减小喷油器的喷孔直径和适当增大压缩比,有利于改善柴油机掺烧气体燃料的低负荷性能。     

Planktonic community structure and carbon cycling in the Arabian Sea as a result of monsoonal forcing: the application of a generic model

The Arabian Sea exhibits a complex pattern of biogeochemical and ecological dynamics, which vary both seasonally and spatially. These dynamics have been studied using a one-dimensional vertical hydrodynamic model coupled to a complex ecosystem model, simulating the annual cycle at three contrasting stations. These stations are characterised by seasonally upwelling, mixed-layer-deepening and a-seasonal oligotrophic conditions, respectively, and coincide with extensively measured stations on the two JGOFS ARABESQUE cruises in 1994. The model reproduces many spatial and temporal trends in production, biomass, physical and chemical properties, both qualitatively and quantitatively and so gives insight into the main mechanisms responsible for the biogeochemical and ecological complexity. Monsoonal systems are typified by classical food web dynamics, whilst intermonsoonal and oligotrophic systems are dominated by the microbial loop. The ecosystem model (ERSEM), developed for temperate regions, is found to be applicable to the Arabian Sea system with little reparameterisation. Differences in in-situ physical forcing are sufficient to recreate contrasting eutrophic and oligotrophic systems, although the lack of lateral terms are probably the greatest source of error in the model. Physics, nutrients, light and grazing are all shown to play a role in controlling production and community structure. Small-celled phytoplanktons are predicted to be dominant and sub-surface chlorophyll maxima are robust centers of production during intermonsoon periods. Analysis of carbon fluxes indicate that physically driven outgassing of CO₂ predominates in monsoonal upwelling systems but ecological activity may significantly moderate CO₂ outgassing in the Arabian Sea interior.