使用可用度在舰船装备论证中的约束作用

在舰船装备论证过程中,使用可用度不仅是装备保障能力的量化,还对装备的一些因素有着约束作用。分析使用可用度在论证过程中对装备数量、维修计划、随船备件满足率和全寿命周期费用的影响,建立这些参数之间的定性关系表达式,发现提高舰船使用可用度,有助于减少舰船装备数量和降低装备寿命周期费用,但也会缩短装备寿命期内的维修时间,并要求装备有较高的备件满足率。

     

基于可变容积力加载装置的研制

采用密闭容积内电动缸伸缩挤压液体的方式,研制了一种力加载装置。实验结果表明,本文所研究的力加载装置具有加载稳定、精度高、结构优良等优点,为被加载轴的受力分析提供了优良设备。加载装置可在静态载荷75 T的基础上叠加幅值最大为13 T、频率最高为4 Hz的动态加载力。     

一种集成式全功能自动装车系统成套技术及其应用

通过介绍目前港口铁路大宗散装货物装车作业工艺的三种传统方式及其优缺点,重点推介南京港集团新生圩港区采用的一种自主创新的集成式全功能自动装车系统成套技术,与传统装车工艺相比具有高效率、节约成本、节能、环保等特点,推广应用前景非常广阔.     

船舶智能设计浅析

随着《中国制造2025》提出综合实力进入世界制造强国前列的制造强国战略目标,基于新一代信息技术产业的智能制造工程正在各个产业迅速推进。但作为制造强国基础的智能工厂并不仅仅局限于智能制造,还应该包括智能设计、全范围的智能物流和智能管控等。其中智能设计是缩短产品研制周期的关键,通过智能设计产生最优化的数据、高正确率数据是缩减制造周期降低制造成本的关键。文章简要剖析智能设计在船舶行业的应用,基于现状展望智能设计的发展方向,并分析了发展智能设计所需的数据系统建设。     

基于多装船机的散货船智能装载

对散货船使用多装船机进行装载作业的情况,建立以最高装载效率、最佳纵倾和最小化船舶最大静水弯矩值为目标,以浮态、稳性和结构强度为约束条件的散货船智能装载数学模型,使用改进的多目标遗传算法进行求解,得到优化后的Pareto解集,结果表明:该算法能够有效求得该问题的优化解,在实际应用方面具有一定的可行性.     

Centrifuge modelling of pipe-soil interaction in clay with crust layer

Seabed in regions, such as the Gulf of Guinea and North West Shelf of Australia, may exhibit a crust layer where the undrained shear strength can be an order of magnitude higher than that of the immediately underlying sediment. This can complicate design of steel catenary risers, where fatigue depends on the cyclic vertical stiffness of the pipe-soil interaction. Potential punch-through of the riser into the underlying soft soil may invalidate design assumptions based on the pipe-soil stiffness within the crust layer. The long-term evolution of pipe-soil stiffness within the crust layer, which exhibits similar properties to an over-consolidated soil, is also poorly understood. This paper describes centrifuge model tests undertaken in a clay sample with a crust layer, simulating the punch-through process of a pipe under load control and investigating the pipe-soil stiffness during long-term cyclic loading tests under displacement control. Results confirm that the potential for punching-through the crust layer depends strongly on the relative ratio of pipe diameter to crust layer thickness. The long-term evolution of pipe-soil stiffness showed a steady increase after an initial remoulding stage in contractile soils (normally consolidated and lightly over-consolidated), but a steady reduction in the heavily over-consolidated, more dilatant, crust. The magnitude of pipe-soil stiffness changes (during both remoulding and reconsolidation) is governed by the over-consolidation ratio of the soil and the amplitude of the cyclic displacements. This study provides insights on the relevant cyclic stiffness to consider when assessing SCR fatigue life in over-consolidated soils and soils exhibiting a superficial crust layer.     

陆羽大桥动荷载试验研究与分析

动载试验一般采用理论分析与现场实测相结合的研究方法,是解决工程结构振动问题必不可少的手段。通过对记录的振动信号进行分析得到桥梁结构的动态特性和响应,并与理论计算结果进行对比,从而为检验桥梁的承载力提供依据。     

Observations on colony formation by the cosmopolitan phytoplankton genus Phaeocystis

Few marine phytoplankton have heteromorphic life cycles and also often dominate the ecosystems in which they occur. The class Prymnesiophyceae contains a notable exception: the genus Phaeocystis includes three species that form gelatinous colonies but also occur within their ranges as solitary cells. Phaeocystis antarctica and P. pouchetii are exclusively high latitude taxa, and are notable for regionally tremendous blooms of the colony stage. P. globosa occurs circumglobally, yet its colony blooms primarily are confined to colder waters within its range. Three additional species are warm water forms that have been reported only as solitary cells or loose aggregations that bear little resemblance to the organized colonies of the other taxa. Interpretation of existing data indicates that resource availability (light, temperature and nutrients) by itself is not sufficient to explain this distinction between cold-water colony-forming taxa and warm water solitary cell taxa, nor why colony development in P. globosa is essentially a spatially restricted phenomenon within a much broader geographic range. Colony development by P. globosa in situ has been observed at temperatures ≥20 °C, but only rarely and generally under conditions of seasonally or anthropogenically elevated nutrient supply. Data presented here demonstrate colony development at 20–22 °C in natural plankton communities from oligotrophic waters that were pre-screened through 63 μm mesh (i.e. lacking mesozooplankton and large microzooplankton), but not in unscreened communities containing microzooplankton and >63 μm zooplankton. Reduction of colony proliferation at higher temperatures by mesozooplankton grazing remains as an intriguing possibility that is consistent with available evidence to help explain differences in latitudinal extent of in situ colony development. These data are interpreted within a theoretical framework regarding the potential advantages and disadvantages of the two life cycle stages.     

不同加载方式下真空加固吹填软土的现场试验与数值模拟*

吹填软土在真空负压作用下发生排水固结时,其强度和变形特性与真空负压的加载方式关系密切。首先对吹填软土进行了真空预压现场加固试验,通过对地表沉降、真空度跟踪监测,研究并比较不同负压加载方式下地基沉降规律及加固效果;然后采用FLAC3D建立三维弹塑性数值模型,对软土地基采用不同加载方式进行数值模拟,并与现场试验的实测数据进行对比,深入探讨加载方式对软土地基固结影响的细观机理。研究结果表明：采用真空预压法加固吹填软土地基时,慢速加载方式比瞬时加载方式更有利于土体的加固,建议在实际工程中采用分级加载方式施加真空荷载。     

大型绞吸船开挖深水航道艉吹装驳工艺

为避免破坏疏浚区水环境,采用大型绞吸船在不炸礁的情况下开挖深水航道岩石,已成为现实。绞吸船通常需对接排泥管线以便将疏浚土吹填成陆域,而在航道中使用绞吸船挖岩在无适合吹距的吹填区时,可采用直接装驳和艉吹装驳两种施工工艺。重点阐述大型绞吸船开挖航道岩石疏浚土处理的新方法,移动艉吹装驳工艺的产生、实施过程的优化改进,并从中梳理、提炼、总结出绞吸船艉吹装驳的输送原理,供类似工程施工借鉴以至推广。