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本文考虑了在市场竞争条件下的不同客运方式之间的客流分配，以及在同一种方式中不同服务方式之间的客流分配问题，建立了随机用户平衡配流模型。在此基础上，同时考虑了乘客与客运部门两方面的利益，构造了一个三层规划模型以得到在市场竞争条件下制定客运价格的优化策略模型。既保证乘客的出行费用最优，又能使总的客运需求在不同的运输方式之间合理的分配。     

一种改进的遗传算法在动态交通分配中的应用

以遗传思想为基础设计了新的启发式优化算法,针对动态交通分配问题,对遗传操作中的选择、交叉、变异算子进行修改,同时采用了模拟退火收敛准则,克服了传统遗传算法早熟收敛的弊端,并提高了全局寻优能力。仿真实验表明,该算法有快速高效的特点,提高了该动态交通分配模型的实用价值。     

Multiclass fuzzy user equilibrium with endogenous membership functions and risk‐taking behaviors

Over the last decades, several approaches have been proposed in the literature to incorporate users' perceptions of travel costs, their bounded rationality, and risk‐taking behaviors into network equilibrium modeling for traffic assignment problem. While theoretically advanced, these models often suffer from high complexity and computational cost and often involve parameters that are difficult to estimate. This study proposes an alternative approach where users' imprecise perceptions of travel times are endogenously constructed as fuzzy sets based on the probability distributions of random link travel times. Two decision rules are proposed accordingly to account for users' heterogeneous risk‐taking behaviors, that is, optimistic and pessimistic rules. The proposed approach, namely, the multiclass fuzzy user equilibrium, can be formulated as a link‐based variational inequality model. The model can be solved efficiently, and parameters involved can be either easily estimated or treated as factors for calibration against observed traffic flow data. Numerical examples show that the proposed model can be solved efficiently even for a large‐scale network of Mashhad, Iran, with 2538 links and 7157 origin–destination pairs. The example also illustrates the calibration capability of the proposed model, highlighting that the model is able to produce much more accurate flow estimates compared with the Wardropian user equilibrium model. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Modeling and solving discrete network design problem with stochastic user equilibrium

In this paper, we address the discrete network design problem, which determines the addition of new roads to existing transportation network to optimize the transportation system performance. Road users are assumed to follow the traffic assignment principle of stochastic user equilibrium. A mixed‐integer nonlinear nonconvex problem is developed to model this discrete network design problem with stochastic user equilibrium. The original problem is relaxed into a convex mixed‐integer nonlinear program, whose solution provides a lower bound of the original problem. The relaxed problem is then embedded into two proposed global optimization solution algorithms to obtain the global optimal solution of the problem. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

置信域优化法求解船舶浮态方程

船体在欧几里德空间内的位置通过欧拉角描述后,根据牛顿定律可建立以横倾角、纵倾角和水线面高度为变量的浮态平衡方程。求解该非线性方程组可以转化为数学中的数值优化问题,并使用非约束优化方法求解。通过理论研究和基于MATLAB编程的计算实例表明:传统的牛顿法容易产生雅可比矩阵不可逆的问题,导致迭代中断,而置信域法能保证目标函数收敛,对初始值的依赖程度低,因此更加稳定可靠,适合应用于工业计算;此外,该方法也可应用于其他稳性问题,如计算完整稳性和破舱稳性中的复原力臂曲线以及平台的变轴横倾等。     

汽车转向非线性平衡点求解新方法及其应用

针对汽车转向非线性稳定性平衡点确定问题,提出了求解汽车转向非线性平衡点的一种新方法。建立了汽车转向非线性2自由度模型,采用简化魔术公式轮胎模型描述非线性轮胎侧向力。给出了转向非线性平衡点的表示,对粒子群算法进行了简要分析,提出了求解转向平衡点的粒子群算法。设计了前轮转角、路面附着系数和车速分别变化的3种行驶条件,对3种行驶条件下的转向非线性平衡点进行了求解。结果表明,粒子群算法可以准确求得汽车转向非线性平衡点,适应值小于设置的10-4的精度。     

博弈论在公路主枢纽站场总体布局调整中的研究

随着社会经济的发展,城市规模及其布局变化较大,公路主枢纽站场总体布局应随之调整以适应其发展和变化.主枢纽站场总体布局调整方案的优劣,关系到公路交通综合运输效益的发挥.本文在对原有公路主枢纽站场总体布局方案比选方法存在的不足进行分析的基础上,提出运用博弈论对总体布局调整方案进行比选,并给出了博弈模型和算法,以期达到最优布局,实现运输整体效益.     

城市私人小汽车保有量预测

城市私人小汽车保有量的迅速增长,在带动城市经济发展的同时也带来了非常严重的交通问题,为了缓解小汽车的交通压力,必须合理规划私人小汽车保有量.本文首先对现有私人小汽车保有量预测模型进行比较分析,然后结合我国小汽车的发展阶段,考虑交通供求关系及其表现形式,基于用户效用最优、随机均衡原理开发了一个双层规划预测模型,最后将其应用于一简单网络,说明此模型的可行性.