淤泥质海床上人工岛水流冲刷试验

港珠澳大桥人工岛局部冲刷是大桥工程设计亟待解决的关键技术问题。在现场资料分析与物理模型验证的基础上,采用正态系列模型延伸法,在潮汐宽水槽中研究了淤泥质海床上人工岛周围流态变化和局部冲刷的发展过程。研究结果表明,在洪季大潮情况下,东、西人工岛最大冲深分别为10.3 m和9.0 m,冲刷坑集中在岛桥结合部和隧道防护段及防撞墩附近;最大冲刷深度与人工岛的几何形状、流速、工程水域的沙土特性以及水深等相关,冲刷坑的平面形态则与岛型、水流夹角、涨落潮流速差以及潮流历时有密切关系。     

A Review of Beach Bye-Law Usage in Supporting Coastal Management in Ireland

Coastal areas are commonly the focus of a range of human activities and uses. Beaches are one example of multi-use coastal environments, accommodating activities linked to leisure and recreation, amenity, conservation and business, often simultaneously. Ireland is no different in this regard, as its beach resources provide a range of goods and services of societal value. Ireland has 16 coastal counties and their associated local authorities have a beach management remit, a role that can present a number of challenges. The use of beach bye-laws is one option to support management of beach environments by local authorities. Local authority personnel tasked with beach management from each coastal local authority were surveyed to assess the actual and potential role of beach bye-laws in contributing to more effective management of beach environments and to broader coastal management. Usage of beach bye-laws varied across local authority areas and evidence suggested that the efficacy, use, and implementation of beach bye-laws differed from county to county. Beach bye-laws offer potential but interaction with other initiatives as part of a wider program for coastal management may yield improved results.     

Comparing Fisher Interviews,Logbooks, and Catch Landings Estimates of Extraction Rates in a Small-Scale Fishery

Researchers are turning to alternative data sources (e.g., resource user knowledge) to provide information required for wildlife management. Little is known about the reliability of data elicited from resource users relative to data obtained from user-independent approaches (e.g., observations of fish catches). We test for consensus among three methods that quantify past (1996 to 2007) seahorse catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE) for a small-scale, data-poor fishery in the Philippines: interviews with fishers about good, bad, and typical catch; fisher logbooks; and observations of catch landings. Interviews and logbooks indicated no trends in CPUE through time, consistent with results from the fisher-independent metric, catch landings. Although interview estimates of “typical” CPUE greatly exceeded “typical” observed catches and logbook estimates, interview estimates of “bad” CPUE were comparable. Catch landings estimates for a fisher in a particular year were uncorrelated to what he reported during retrospective interviews. Interviews should be used cautiously to inform specific catch targets (e.g., total allowable catches), although including interview questions about a range of catch experiences (e.g., good, bad and typical), may improve interview-derived data. Logbooks are particularly useful for capturing information about fishing expeditions that produce no fish, which are largely missed by other methods.     

国外海底管道局部屈曲研究综述

海底管道是海洋油气集输系统中最重要的组成部分之一,从铺设到服役都将承受多种载荷的作用,并可能发生局部屈曲且沿管道传播开来,由此造成严重的后果。海底管道的局部屈曲在管道安全性方面具有重要意义,已成为海底管道设计与评估中重要的内容。详细阐述了国外关于海底管道受外压、弯矩和轴力作用下的局部屈曲研究成果,论述了在单个载荷和多个载荷联合作用下的局部屈曲破坏机理,并提出了未来研究的建议。     

基于量子行为遗传算法的船体局部结构优化设计

采用遗传算法解决船舶复杂结构中混合设计变量优化问题时,其效果很有效,且能获得全局最优可行解。然而,简单遗传算法局部搜索能力差且易于早熟。为了提高对船舶复杂结构设计变量解空间的搜索能力,该文设计了一种基于二进制编码的适用于混合变量的量子行为遗传算法,比较适合于复杂函数的全局寻优,且搜索能力优于标准遗传算法。通过三个算例对算法的寻优能力进行测试,实验结果表明,采用量子行为遗传算法进行的船体局部结构优化设计具有较好的计算质量与计算效率。     

Integrated Coastal Management in Philippine Local Governance: Evolution and Benefits

In 1991 the Philippine government shifted many coastal management responsibilities to local governments and fostered increased local participation in the management of coastal resources. In their delivery of integrated coastal management (ICM) as a basic service, many local governments have achieved increasing public awareness of coastal resource management (CRM) issues. Continuing challenges are financial sustainability, inadequate capacities, weak law enforcement, and lack of integrated and collaborative efforts. To address these challenges, a CRM certification system was developed to improve strategies and promote incentives for local governments to support ICM. This system is being applied by an increasing number of local governments to guide the development and implementation of ICM in their jurisdiction. The CRM benchmarks required for a local government to achieve the first level of certification are: budget allocated, CRM related organizations formed and active, CRM plan developed and adopted, shoreline management initiated and two or more best practices implemented. Implementation is providing tangible benefits to communities through enhanced fisheries production associated with MPAs, revenues from user fees and enhanced community pride through learning exchanges and involvement in decisions, among others.     

船舶外场涂装局部集气罩设计

以捕集船舶外场涂装作业过程产生的挥发性有机物(Volatile Organic Compounds, VOCs)气体为出发点,采用理论研究、仿真模拟和现场试验的方法,形成船舶外场涂装局部集气罩设计方案,并设定合理的验证方法检验方案的可行性和收集率。结果表明,船舶外场涂装局部集气罩可有效捕集VOCs气体,从源头控制污染物扩散,降低污染。     

斜拉桥悬拼阶段钢箱梁局部相对变形

大跨度斜拉桥主梁悬臂拼装匹配过程中,吊机作用梁段和被起吊梁段由于受力不同,相对变形存在较大差异。以苏通长江大桥为例,用空间有限元分析了悬拼阶段钢箱梁的各个相对变形,以及这些变形对桥面施工控制的影响。对悬拼法钢箱梁安装提出了一些有益的建议。     

5800DWT杂货船总体和结构设计的特点

本文介绍了5800DWT杂货船总体和结构设计的特点，可供同类型船设计、研究参考。     

局部模型在工程潮流数值模拟中的应用

根据局部模型的形式和特点对其进行了归类分析 ;通过两个工程实例对局部模型在海岸河口工程潮流数值模拟中的应用进行了探讨和介绍。计算实例的结果表明 ,局部模型的使用既可以减少计算时间从而提高数学模型的效率 ,又可以提高局部海区潮流模拟的计算精度。局部模型在用数学模型手段研究工程潮流问题中起着重要作用