八达岭地下站区间隧道火灾控制研究

采用FDS软件对八达岭地下车站相关隧道段的火灾工况进行三维数值模拟计算,结果是火灾强度为20 MW时隧道段的临界风速为3 m/s;采用一维数值模拟方法研究分析了火灾发生在隧道段不同位置时的通风方案,结果表明:合理的利用竖井内轴流风机,可以最大限度地减少隧道内射流风机的数量。     

三体船侧体位置优化设计研究

基于二维半理论的计算软件TRIMARAN研究了侧体纵向、横向位置的变化对三体船运动响应的影响,同时研究了船体横摇惯性半径对三体船横摇性能的影响,从而提出一套三体船侧体位置优化方案。通过在低速和高速两种情况下,对三体船侧体纵向、横向位置的变化对三体船的运动响应分析,可以看出:低航速下侧体应布置于靠近主体船艏的位置,有利于三体船运动性能的提升,高航速下则应将侧体放置于主体船尾。同时,根据横摇惯性半径对三体船横摇性能的影响研究表明:三体船的横摇半径越小越能增加三体船的横摇稳定性。     

对大桥深水基础采用沉井方案之浅见

该文主要介绍笔者在长江几座大桥实践上的一些认识和体会,尤其在几种助沉措施的比较和定位工作中提出一些观点和建议,可供同行参考。     

桥梁施工中塔吊安装位置优化设计

随着桥梁施工技术水平的提高,大跨度高质量的桥梁建设日益加快,而在桥梁施工过程中普遍使用的垂直运输工作—塔吊起到了十分重要的作用。但塔吊本身也存在着较高的危险系数,其中很大一部分是因为塔吊基础产生了问题才导致事故的发生,因此塔吊基础的设计显得尤为重要。通过浅析桥梁施工过程中塔吊位置的设计,希望能在如今桥梁工程越做越大、塔吊难度越来越大的今天带来启发。     

综合客运枢纽站场选址方法

综合客运枢纽站场选址是一个复杂的决策过程。提出了定性决策备选、定量选取最优的＂两步式＂综合客运枢纽站场选址概念框架,探讨了站场选址规划需要考虑的主要因素,分析了各类客流的出行换乘时间,提出了以时间和投资费用最小为目标的站址优化模型。     

A continuous approximation model for time definite many-to-many transportation

Time definite freight transportation carriers provide very reliable scheduled services between origin and destination terminals. They seek to reduce transportation costs through consolidation of shipments at hubs, but are restricted by the high levels of service to provide less circuitous routings. This paper develops a continuous approximation model for time definite transportation from many origins to many destinations. We consider a transportation carrier serving a fixed geographic region in which demand is modeled as a continuous distribution and time definite service levels are imposed by limiting the maximum travel distance via the hub network. Analytical expressions are developed for the optimal number of hubs, hub locations, and transportation costs. Computational results for an analogous discrete demand model are presented to illustrate the behavior observed with the continuous approximation models.     

Bus running time prediction using a statistical pattern recognition technique

Abstract

Given that real-time bus arrival information is viewed positively by passengers of public transit, it is useful to enhance the methodological basis for improving predictions. Specifically, data captured and communicated by intelligent systems are to be supplemented by reliable predictive travel time. This paper reports a model for real-time prediction of urban bus running time that is based on statistical pattern recognition technique, namely locally weighted scatter smoothing. Given a pattern that characterizes the conditions for which bus running time is being predicted, the trained model automatically searches through the historical patterns which are the most similar to the current pattern and on that basis, the prediction is made. For training and testing of the methodology, data retrieved from the automatic vehicle location and automatic passenger counter systems of OC Transpo (Ottawa, Canada) were used. A comparison with other methodologies shows enhanced predictive capability.     

Using non-real-time Automatic Vehicle Location data to improve bus services

Although real-time Automatic Vehicle Location (AVL) data is being utilised successfully in the UK, little notice has been given to the benefits of historical (non-real-time) AVL data. This paper illustrates how historical AVL data can be used to identify segments of a bus route which would benefit most from bus priority measures and to improve scheduling by highlighting locations at which the greatest deviation from schedule occurs. A new methodology which uses historical AVL data and on-bus passenger counts to calculate the passenger arrival rate at stops along a bus route has been used to estimate annual patronage and the speed of buses as they move between stops. Estimating the patronage at stops using AVL data is more cost-effective than conventional methods (such as surveys at stops which require much more manpower) but retains the benefits of accuracy and stop-specific estimates of annual patronage. The passenger arrival rate can then be used to calculate how long buses spend at stops. If the time buses spend at stops is removed from the total time it takes the bus to traverse a link, the remaining amount of time can be assumed to be the time the bus spends moving and hence the moving speed of the bus can be obtained. It was found that estimation of patronage and the speed of buses as they move between stops using AVL data produced results which were comparable with those obtained by other methods. However the main point to note is that this new method of estimating patronage has the potential to provide a larger and superior data set than is otherwise available, at very low cost.     

战略装车点选址模型研究

分析了建立区域战略装车点的政策性原则和关联因素,并根据铁路运输生产实际模拟了在供需均衡条件下选站建点系统架构,构建战略装车点多点选址多类变量混合0-1非线性规划模型(MSLSLP)。模型以社会总成本最小化为出发点,协同考虑决策者和客户双方利益,将选站建点的改扩建费用、可变费用和代表客户利益的运输成本共同纳入目标体系。将建立战略装车点后的运输特点要求与相关选址模型的共性约束相结合构造约束条件,使其更具针对性。最后,以相当规模数值算例验证了模型的有效性和可行性。     

论国有股减持与上市流通

在对国家股和法人股流动方案的设计中，大多数文章只是笼统地提出了一系列的流通渠通，但却较少考虑在这些流通渠道中可能遇到的障碍，也很少谈及这种种流通方式从短期和长期可能对中国的股市产生的影响。本文在考虑公股流通的问题时，将其同上市公司治理结构的改善、对企业高层管理人员和技术创新人员有效的激励和约束有机地结合起来，对以激励高层管理人员和技术创新人员为目的的股票期权方案作了详细的论述。