公路隧道内火灾烟气温度及层化高度分布特征试验

通过在云南昆明—石林高速公路阳宗隧道内的现场模拟火灾试验,对不同纵向通风速率下公路隧道内火灾烟气温度及层化高度沿隧道的分布特征进行了研究。结果表明:拱顶下方烟气温度沿隧道呈幂指数分布;纵向通风速度对烟气层高度沿隧道的分布有重大影响,纵向风速较小时,烟气可以在隧道上部空间维持较好的层化结构,不会影响火灾发生时人员的安全疏散,而较大的纵向风速将导致烟气层高度沿隧道迅速降到地面,对火灾发生时的人员疏散造成威胁。     

道路陡坡对水泥混凝土路面荷载应力的影响分析

以水泥混凝土路面结构为研究对象,采用三维有限元方法分析不同纵坡条件下路面结构在标准轴载作用下的应力变化。得出了板底弯拉应力、混凝土板最大主拉应力、层间剪应力与道路坡度之间的关系,探讨了水泥混凝土路面在纵坡地段的受力机理,为特殊地段路面结构设计提供参考。     

青藏公路路基纵向裂缝病害及其发生规律

路基裂缝病害是青藏公路上继沉降以后的第二大类型路基病害,此种类型的病害与公路左右两侧的太阳辐射差异密切相关。病害统计结果表明,发生在阳侧的路基纵向裂缝有22.5条,占总裂缝条数的70.0%,占路基纵向裂缝总长度的65.0%;其次,从病害发生路段的道路走向来看,路基纵向裂缝病害主要发生在走向为S90°、W S60°、W S30°、EW 0°和ES60°的路段,在走向为ES30°的路段上仅发生1条路基纵向裂缝。路基纵向裂缝与走向间的这一关系主要与高原上特殊的太阳辐射日变化规律和青藏公路主体走向有关。     

A model-based traction control strategy non-reliant on wheel slip information

A traction control system (TCS) for two-wheel-drive vehicles can conveniently be realised by means of slip control. Such a TCS is modified in this paper in order to be applicable to four-wheel-drive vehicles and anti-lock braking systems, where slip information is not readily available. A reference vehicle model is used to estimate the vehicle velocity. The reference model is excited by a saw-tooth signal in order to adapt the slip for maximum tyre traction performance. The model-based TCS is made robust to vehicle modelling errors by extending it with (i) a superimposed loop of tyre static curve gradient control or (ii) a robust switching controller based on a bi-directional saw-tooth excitation signal. The proposed traction control strategies are verified by experiments and computer simulations.     

Activity patterns,time use,and travel of millennials: a generation in transition?

Millennials, defined in this study as those born between 1979 and 2000, became the largest population segment in the United States in 2015. Compared to recent previous generations, they have been found to travel less, own fewer cars, have lower driver’s licensure rates, and use alternative modes more. But to what extent will these differences in behaviour persist as millennials move through various phases of the lifecycle? To address this question, this paper presents the results of a longitudinal analysis of the 2003–2013 American Time Use Survey data series. In early adulthood, younger millennials (born 1988–1994) are found to spend significantly more time in-home than older millennials (born 1979–1985), which indicates that there are substantial differences in activity-time use patterns across generations in early adulthood. Older millennials are, however, showing activity-time use patterns similar to their prior generation counterparts as they age, although some differences – particularly in time spent as a car driver – persist. Millennials appear to exhibit a lag in adopting the activity patterns of predecessor generations due to delayed lifecycle milestones (e.g. completing their education, getting jobs, marrying, and having children) and lingering effects of the economic recession, suggesting that travel demand will resume growth in the future.     

盾构隧道始发与到达段环间纵向压力空间分布规律研究

现场实测数据表明，盾构隧道始发与到达段各断面纵向压力较小，可能导致环缝漏水。为解决此问题，通过求解描述隧道变形特征的微分方程，获得隧道始发与到达段纵向力的分布规律；并以此为依据，提出纵向拉结构件的设计方法。研究结果表明： 1)在不采用拉结措施的情况下，进出洞口附近纵向力最小，接近于0； 2)距离洞口越远的断面，其纵向力越大； 3)采用纵向拉结措施可以有效地增大始发与到达段断面纵向力。在对纵向拉结构件进行设计时，其最小横截面积由隧道刚度和环缝止水垫闭合压力决定，其最小长度由隧道和地层之间的切向黏结刚度决定。     

盾构隧道管片结构纵向错台研究

盾构隧道通缝拼装管片结构的错台一直是困扰盾构隧道施工的技术问题，且由错台引起的管片开裂、拼装困难和防水隐患等问题对施工和运营的影响日益凸显，并直接影响到工程质量。以上海轨道交通二号线西延伸段盾构隧道工程为背景，采用现场监测和数值计算方法对盾构推进过程中管片错台进行分析，获得了管片结构错台发生及发展的变化规律。进一步探讨了盾构千斤顶的顶力对错台大小及发展规律的影响，为盾构施工中减小错台，提高施工精度和质量，以及盾构隧道设计施工提供依据。     

(48+80+48)m连续梁桥与轨道系统地震响应规律研究

为研究高速铁路连续梁桥-轨道系统地震响应规律,采用非线性弹簧模拟线路纵向阻力,建立考虑轨道及下部结构的(48+80+48)m连续梁桥-轨道系统仿真模型,分析温度、活载和制动作用下桥上无缝线路梁轨相互作用纵向力分布规律,在此基础上,研究地震作用下连续梁桥-轨道系统动力响应特性。研究表明:温度、活载及列车制动作用下梁轨相对位移、钢轨应力等均在桥台附近取得极大值,地震频谱特性对梁轨系统动力响应有很大的影响。     

基于惯性基准法的轨道高低不平顺影响分析

为研究轨道结构敏感因素对中长波高低不平顺的影响,建立了车辆—轨道耦合模型,基于惯性基准法仿真检测轨道高低不平顺,分析了轨道结构振动及不同扣件刚度、路基支承刚度和轨枕间距对高低不平顺的影响.结果表明:在波长2～6 m范围内,柔性轨道估算不平顺明显大于无质量轨道不平顺;从时域角度分析时,扣件刚度、路基支承刚度和轨枕间距对高...     

同步碎石防水粘结层厚度对桥面铺装受力的影响分析

对一座现有分离式箱梁截面连续梁桥进行桥面铺装应力有限元分析。桥面铺装采用同步碎石防水粘结层。分析荷载最不利位置下防水粘结层厚度变化对桥面铺装各层层问拉应力、剪应力的影响规律。