广西梁式桥梁抗震设计方法探讨

文章以广西兴桥的抗震设计为例,结合广西地震烈度分布情况,介绍了适应于广西梁式桥梁的主要抗震方法和具体设计措施,为广西梁式桥梁的抗震设计提供参考。     

An exact modelling of the uniform control traffic delay in undersaturated signalized intersections

The average delay experienced by vehicles at a signalized intersection defines the level of service (LOS) at which the intersection operates. A major challenge in this regard is the ability to accurately estimate all the components underlying the overall control delay, including the uniform, incremental and initial queue delays. This paper tackles this challenging task by proposing a novel exact model of the uniform control delay component with a view to enhancing the accuracy of the existing approximate models, notably, the one reported in the Highway Capacity Manual 2010. Both graphical and analytical proofs are employed to derive exact closed‐form expressions for the uniform control delay at undersaturated signalized intersections. The high degree of accuracy of the proposed models is analysed through extensive simulations to demonstrate their abilities to exactly characterize the performance of real‐life intersections in terms of the resulting vehicle delay. Unlike the existing widely adopted uniform delay models, which tend to overestimate the LOS of real‐life intersections, the delay models introduced in this paper have the merit of exactly capturing such a LOS. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于车辆加速度数据的互通立交匝道驾驶风险分析

为明确互通立交匝道的运行特性和驾驶风险,在重庆市南山立交和江南立交开展了超过30位被试者的小客车实车驾驶试验,通过Speedbox和Mobileye等车载高精度仪器采集了小客车在4条迂回式匝道上的连续运行数据,包括行驶速度、横向加速度、纵向加速度等,明确了迂回式匝道的车辆运行状态,然后运用表征横、纵向加速度关系的G-G图分析了匝道行驶过程中的驾驶风险,确定了立交匝道不同位置的危险等级及危险驾驶行为的高发路段。研究结果表明：①立交匝道上小客车的横向加速度与速度呈三角形分布,纵向加速度与速度呈椭圆形分布;②小半径曲线匝道上出现危险驾驶行为的比例要高于大半径曲线匝道;③通过统计不同断面的危险驾驶行为点占比,将匝道的危险断面分为低风险、中风险、高风险3个等级;④男性驾驶员在立交匝道上的危险驾驶行为占比要高于女性驾驶员,冒险型驾驶员的危险驾驶行为占比要高于其他驾驶风格的驾驶员;⑤立交匝道的危险高发路段通常位于速度变化剧烈的路段,即入弯减速段和出弯加速段。     

小直径盾构施工中管片纵向应力监测研究

为了探索小直径盾构法隧道在施工过程中管片纵向应力的变化规律,对北京槐房再生水厂污水隧道管片纵向应力进行了现场监测:将第976环、第1 054环管片分别设为第1和第2监测断面,2监测断面各预埋5个纵向应力计,各监测断面从本监测断面管片安装后即开始监测,当盾构掘进至第1 129环时停止监测。研究表明:1)在管片离开盾尾50环后,其纵向应力波动值小于管片拼装期间应力值的5%。2)在盾构掘进期间,管片距离盾构越远,其纵向压应力值越小。3)在管片拼装期间,管片距离盾构越远,其纵向压应力经历了先增大后减小的过程。4)管片距离盾构108环后,该管片纵向压应力趋近于0.2~0.3 MPa。5)随着盾构推进,管片纵向应力经历了4个阶段的变化过程,即周期性剧烈波动阶段—动态稳定阶段—逐渐衰减阶段—趋于稳定阶段。     

红外探水在高水位下断裂破碎带隧道施工中的应用

在隧道施工中,断裂破碎带富水段常出现涌水、突水突泥等地质灾害问题,在施工过程中进行超前预报探水可以在一定程度上减少人员伤亡以及财产损失。以揭(阳)惠(来)高速公路小北山一号隧道高水位断裂破碎带施工为工程背景,阐述红外探水技术的基本原理、实施方案、操作方法,以及HS-S310红外探水仪在工程中的应用实践。实践表明:超前红外探水技术针对于断裂破碎带隧道掌子面前方隐伏含水构造体的预报具有一定的准确性以及可参考性。     

A new model for temporal–spatial stochastic analysis of vehicle–track coupled systems

The vehicle–track coupled system has a random nature in the time–space domain. This paper proposes a computational model to analyse the temporal–spatial stochastic vibrations of vehicle–track systems, where the vehicle–track system is divided into a vehicle subsystem, track subsystem, and interfacial subsystem between the wheel and rail. In this model, the time-varying randomicity of dynamical parameters of the vehicle system, correlation, and randomness of the track structural parameters in the time–space joint dimensions, and randomness of the track random irregularities are considered. A probability dimension-reduction method was used to randomly combine different random variables. Furthermore, the probability density evolution method was applied to solve the delivery problem of probabilities between excitation inputs and response outputs. The temporal–spatial stochastic vibrations of the vehicle–track system with different coefficients of variation were studied, in which we assumed that the dynamic parameters obeyed the normal distribution, and the stochastic simulation method of the track random irregularities is probed into. The calculated results from this model are consistent with the actual measured results and physical conceptions. Thus, the temporal–spatial stochastic evolutionary mechanism can be explored, and the limits of dynamic indices can be formulated by using this developed model.     

城区高速公路扩建工程中央分隔带护栏研究

以水官高速公路扩建工程中央分隔带护栏改造设计为例,采用理论分析和方案对比相结合的方式,对城区高速公路扩建工程中央分隔带护栏防撞等级确定及型式选择方法进行研究。结果表明:中央分隔带护栏改造设计应结合规范要求和项目实际需求,分别确定路基段、桥梁段护栏防撞等级;应从景观效果、经济性、养护难度、绿化空间等多方面进行比选,确定最优的护栏型式。     

Integrated evasive manoeuvre assist for collision mitigation with oncoming vehicles

Development and deployment of steering based collision avoidance systems are made difficult due to the complexity of dealing with oncoming vehicles during the evasive manoeuvre. A method to mitigate the collision risk with oncoming vehicles during such manoeuvres is presented in this work. A point mass analysis of such a scenario is first done to determine the importance of speed for mitigating the collision risk with the oncoming vehicle. A characteristic parameter was identified, which correlates well with the need to increase or decrease speed, in order to reduce the collision risk. This finding was then verified in experiments using a Volvo XC90 test vehicle. A closed-loop longitudinal acceleration controller for collision mitigation with oncoming vehicles is then presented. The longitudinal control is combined with yaw stability control using control allocation to form an integrated controller. Simulations in CarMaker using a validated XC90 vehicle model and the proposed controller showed consistent reductions in the collision risk with the oncoming vehicle.     

地铁线路纵断面调坡上下限线法及其应用

为提高地铁线路纵断面精调效率,避免调坡后出现相邻区段坡段超限,利用上下限线法,建立轨面线允许上下浮动的上下限线范围进行辅助调坡,协同调整变坡点和竖曲线半径与上下限线关系进行纵断面优化,并应用于福州市轨道交通2号线隧道纵断面掘进偏移事故中。结果表明： 1）采用上下限线法可以快速判断盾构掘进是否竖向超限,并方便快速确定调坡方案,避免多次调坡反复验算问题; 2）采用上下限线法可以避免对已实施段盾构隧道的调坡超限; 3）上下限线法成功应用在福州市轨道交通2号线隧道偏移事故中,采用该方法能在短时间内找出指导后续推进的调整方案,避免盾构停机造成的工程风险。     

公路养护现代化水平多级模糊评估

科学、高效的现代化公路养护作业与养护管理方法可使公路在使用年限内经常保持完好状态,从而最大限度地发挥公路的运输经济效益.根据公路养护的特点及公路养护现代化的内涵建立了公路养护现代化评估指标体系,根据模糊数学理论构建了公路养护现代化水平多级模糊评估模型,利用该模型可以对一个地区的公路养护现代化水平进行衡量和评估,从而找出存在的不足,为公路养护现代化建设起到引导作用.示例研究表明,该方法可行.