Consumer preferences for battery electric vehicles: A choice experimental survey in China

To accelerate the diffusion of battery electric vehicles (BEVs), consumer preferences for different products and policy attributes must be determined. Although previous studies have investigated consumer preferences for some product attributes, including purchase price, operation cost, driving range, and charging time, limited studies have discussed the broader aspects of product attributes, such as battery warranty and depreciation rate. Moreover, market-oriented incentives, including the personal carbon trading (PCT) scheme and the tradable driving credits (TDC) scheme, can theoretically be effective alternatives to expensive purchase subsidies. However, there is a lack of empirical evidence that confirms the influence of these two schemes on BEV adoption. To fill these gaps, we conducted a stated preference choice experimental survey in China and investigated the effect of product attributes, existing policy incentives, and two emerging market-oriented incentives on BEV adoption. Our results reveal that along with the main product attributes, battery warranty has a significant positive effect on inducing mainstream consumers to adopt BEVs while no preference difference occurs among existing policy incentives after purchase subsidies are abolished. For young consumers, almost all incentives that reduce the operation cost (e.g., PCT) or increase convenience (e.g., TDC) can increase their adoption of BEVs. These findings can provide important implications for the government with regard to designing novel incentives and promoting BEV adoption.     

Using GPS-data to determine optimum electric vehicle ranges: A Michigan case study

Fuel-switching personal transportation from gasoline to electricity offers many advantages, including lower noise, zero local air pollution, and petroleum-independence. But alleviations of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are more nuanced, due to many factors, including the car’s battery range. We use GPS-based trip data to determine use type-specific, GHG-optimized ranges. The dataset comprises 412 cars and 384,869 individual trips in Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA. We use previously developed algorithms to determine driver types, such as using the car to commute or not. Calibrating an existing life cycle GHG model to a forecast, low-carbon grid for Ann Arbor, we find that the optimum range varies not only with the drive train architecture (plugin-hybrid versus battery-only) and charging technology (fast versus slow) but also with the driver type. Across the 108 scenarios we investigated, the range that yields lowest GHG varies from 65 km (55+ year old drivers, ultrafast charging, plugin-hybrid) to 158 km (16–34 year old drivers, overnight charging, battery-only). The optimum GHG reduction that electric cars offer – here conservatively measured versus gasoline-only hybrid cars – is fairly stable, between 29% (16–34 year old drivers, overnight charging, battery-only) and 46% (commuters, ultrafast charging, plugin-hybrid). The electrification of total distances is between 66% and 86%. However, if cars do not have the optimum range, these metrics drop substantially. We conclude that matching the range to drivers’ typical trip distances, charging technology, and drivetrain is a crucial pre-requisite for electric vehicles to achieve their highest potential to reduce GHG emissions in personal transportation.     

资源节约环境友好理念在公路大修工程中的实践

依托G15公路松浦二桥以南大修工程,结合公路自身的病害情况,运用资源节约环境友好的设计理念,设计了利用老路废旧材料及护栏构件的工程技术方案;根据交通特性,应用重载交通改性沥青,有效提高了路面结构上面层的高温稳定性和抗疲劳开裂性能。在获得良好路用性能和经济效益的同时,生态环境效益也非常显著。     

综合交通枢纽车道边交通组织方式研究

针对现代综合交通枢纽车道边的交通组织方式进行研究,结合车站的整体建筑布局、周边路网、交通量等提出了简单、实用和高效的交通组织方式。     

论工程硕士教育与地方交通人才资源培育策略

依据《江西省国民经济和社会发展第十一个五年计划纲要》和《江西省综合交通"十一五"专项规划》中提出的全省交通运输行业"十一五"科技创新和人才培养目标,对江西省交通运输企业人才现状和需求进行了分析,提出依托高校交通运输工程领域学科优势和高校与企业建立起的产学研合作关系,开展工程硕士专业学位教育的研究与实践,并从人才资源与交通运输经济发展相互协调的角度,探索高层次人才资源培育途径,为全省交通运输"十一五"规划目标的顺利实现提供人才保证.     

奥迪混合动力车型绝缘电阻故障引起整车无电动模式故障2例

有一辆奥迪Q5 hybrid混合动力汽车和一辆奥迪A6L e-tron混合动力汽车启动时,仪表报警,均显示混合动力系统故障,均无电动模式。初步判断故障范围在高压系统的高压线路连接以及安全控制系统。结合诊断仪读码的分析,故障范围锁定在某个或者多个高电压部件不绝缘,通过对所涉及的元件、电路等进行检测,故障点分别为电驱动装置的功率和控制电子单元内部积水、高电压蓄电池充电器内部不绝缘故障,对其分别进行积水清理、部件更换后,车辆仪表报警灯消失,可正常电动行驶。     

纯电动汽车动力电池系统的低温性能研究

以搭载三元锂电池的纯电动汽车为研究对象,对某纯电动汽车动力电池系统的低温性能进行试验研究,结果表明:续驶里程在-10℃时相比25℃时下降46%,电池荷电量为30%,-10℃时的峰值放电功率比25℃时衰减了51%,电池容量衰减11.6%。为低温环境下纯电动汽车的性能研究提供一定的依据。     

考虑网络外部性航运商与无车承运人竞合研究

构建由 1个海洋航运商和 2个无车承运人组成的上下游的合作与竞争关系,2个无车承运人有不同的市场地位.通过斯坦伯格博弈研究发现,航运商负责货源或处于领导地位的无车承运人负责货源会影响各方的均衡利润及渠道结构.分析比较了海洋航运商的整合策略和利润共享策略.结果表明,在网络外部性和无车承运人提供差异性服务时,纳什均衡是航运商负责货源且上下游整合或利润分享.     

考虑对地航速和航向的船舶典型轨迹提取方法

基于船舶自动识别系统(Automatic Identification System, AIS)数据的船舶典型轨迹挖掘需要经过两个重要步骤,一是压缩 AIS 数据,二是聚类压缩后的 AIS 数据。传统的DP(DouglasPeucker)压缩算法,只考虑船舶轨迹的压缩形状,忽视了船舶航行中其他重要信息。为解决此问题,把对地航速和航向加入到DP算法的压缩过程中。在AIS轨迹聚类方面,传统谱聚类方法只对船舶轨迹的位置进行相似性度量,没有考虑船舶轨迹的其他维度,针对此问题,提出多属性轨迹相似性度量方法。由于不同的输入参数影响着最终的聚类质量,引入Calinski-Harabasz指标评价谱聚类算法,实现聚类参数的自适应选择。利用山东威海水域的实际AIS数据进行实例研究,并与传统谱聚类算法做比较实验。实验结果表明,利用该方法提取到的典型轨迹符合真实水域的交通情况,相较于传统谱聚类方法具有更高的聚类质量。     

城市公交车身轻量化分析与设计

作为城市枢纽的公交车,采用纯电动技术可作为降低城市环境污染、减少能源消耗的切入点。目前续驶里程短是制约纯电动公交发展的主要因素。可以通过增加动力电池的电量或者对整车进行轻量化来增加续驶里程。在轻量化设计方面,对高强钢、铝合金、镁合金、工程塑料和碳纤维等几种轻量化材料进行对比分析,从中选出目前较为合适的铝合金材料。通过理论计算与设计,再通过有限元分析手段进行验证,设计出合理的车身骨架用型材截面以及连接结构。实现减重的同时保证车身结构可靠性,同时通过全生命周期中成本评估对比,发现铝合金车身可以实现降本。