Elasticities for taxicab fares and service availability

This study utilizes a unique dataset from New York City to examine the effects of taxi fare increases on trip demand and the availability of taxi service. The elasticity of trip demand with respect to fares is estimated to be –0.22; the elasticity of service availability with respect to the taxi fare is 0.28; and the elasticity of service availability with respect to total supply of service is near 1.0. These results have important implications for taxi regulatory decisions. First, fare increases do substantially increase industry revenues but at a lesser rate than the percentage increase in the fare. The implication for policy-makers is that fare elasticities must be carefully considered to obtain desired improvements in drivers' earnings. Second, service availability -- an important aspect of service quality that is generally overlooked during fare policy debates -- should be a central consideration in fare setting, given the considerable impact of fares on availability. Finally, where the supply of cabs needs to be expanded, the number of cabs can be significantly increased without harming the revenue stream of existing operators. This finding alleviates a major industry objection to issuing additional taxicab licenses.     

低动力作用货车转向架动力性能的研究

本文探讨低动力作用货车转向架的原理及其动力性能的计算和评估方法。首先定义9项指标,作为衡量车辆对轨道动力作用的标准。然后研究这些指标的诸因素。在此基础上总结出实现低动力作用的基本途径。本文还应用这些研究成果,提出4种低动力作用货车转向架的设计方案,并通过数值计算,同国内、外主型货车转向架对比,从而论证其在我国铁路采用的可行性。     

基于鲁棒性的空调自控系统设计

分析了空调自控系统的主要特性,并介绍了一种基于组合自校正控制策略的自适应控制算法,同时采取一些解决工程实际问题的辅助措施,以增强系统的抗干扰能力和对未建模动态、时变参数的鲁棒性.     

The Downs–Thomson Paradox with responsive transit service

Downs (1962) and Thomson (1977) suggested that highway capacity expansion may produce counterproductive effects on the two-mode (auto and transit) transport system (Downs–Thomson Paradox). This paper investigates the occurrence of this paradox when transit authority can have different economic objectives (profit-maximizing or breakeven) and operating schemes (frequency, fare, or both frequency and fare). For various combinations of economic objectives and operating schemes, the interaction between highway expansion and transit service is explored, as well as its impact on travelers’ mode choices and travel utilities. Further, for each combination, the conditions for occurrence of the Downs–Thomson Paradox are established. We show that the paradox never occurs when transit authority is profit-maximizing, but it is inevitable when the transit authority is running to maximize travelers’ utility while maintaining breakeven. This is because the former transit authority tends to enhance transit service (e.g., raise frequency or reduce fare) when facing an expanded highway; and on the contrary, the latter tends to compromise transit service (e.g., reduce frequency or raise fare). Both analytical and numerical examples are provided to verify the theoretical results.     

煤焦油沥青的改性研究

通过外掺混杂树脂、石棉纤维和滑石粉等材料,经过大量试验,对煤焦油沥青进行改性,制备出粘附性能好,低温柔性优良,耐久性好,适合于北方寒冷地区应用的防水材料,从而为传统煤焦油沥青在东北地区的应用提供了新的思路。     

公路桥梁小跨径矮T梁设计探讨

对公路桥梁小跨径桥梁上部结构现状进行分析，针对矮T梁的提出背景、设计要点、构造要求、具体应用及造价情况进行简要的论述探讨，并对应用前景进行展望。     

主动声纳的低截获性数字仿真研究

在现代海战中,舰艇面临着越来越严峻的敌方侦察声纳的威胁.低截获是一项非常诱人的技术.低截获声纳通过选择合适的发射信号,在保持探测能力的同时,降低被敌方侦察声纳截获的概率.采用数字仿真的形式,分析浅海侦察声纳信号能量的变化,研究主动声纳的低截获性.仿真结果表明在高斯噪声背景下,主动声纳实现低截获性相当困难.     

低路基桥涵优化设计

对濮阳至信阳高速公路濮阳段路基高改低设计中桥涵设计要点加以简述．并通过增设天桥和下挖通道降低路基填土高度，解决由此引起的通道积水问题，从而实现了降低路基高度的设计目标。     

基于视频图像的车辆灯光状态鉴定方法研究

违法使用车辆远光灯是导致夜间道路交通事故的重要原因之一,针对当前道路交通事故中车辆灯光状态鉴定方法存在的不足,本文基于视频图像,从车载监控视频和道路监控视频两个角度分析视频图像中目标车辆前照灯光斑特征、目标车辆前照灯灯光在道路环境参照物上的投影光斑特征等信息,比对分析视频图像中远光灯、近光灯反馈信息的异同点,总结基于视频图像的车辆灯光状态鉴定方法,为道路交通事故处理过程中充分应用视频物证提供技术保障。     

基于MSP430的低功耗水中低频信号采集系统

为了采集水中低频信号,提出基于MSP430F1611单片机和Flash存储器的水中低频信号数据采集与存储系统,实现了水中目标测量中的低噪声、低功耗、智能自动记录和大容量存储等关键技术,海上试验结果表明该系统精度高、性能可靠。