燃料电池机动车辆专利地图研究

文中聚焦燃料电池机动车辆应用领域,在文献调研的基础上,绘制专利地图,并从技术研发规模、技术及产业发展趋势、重点技术领域、地域分布和竞争机构等方面展开专利分析,以期得出对产业发展有价值的结论.     

直接甲醇燃料电池的单电池实验测试及性能优化

以新型阻醇材料Na2Ti3O7/Nafion复合膜为质子交换膜,利用热压法制备膜电极（MEA）,对直接甲醇单电池进行测试.考察了电池温度、阴极加湿温度、甲醇浓度、甲醇流速和空气流速5个参数对直接甲醇燃料电池极化曲线性能的影响.实验结果表明,电池温度对电池性能的影响较为明显,提高电池温度有利于得到较好的电池性能.甲醇浓度对电池性能影响也比较明显,较低甲醇浓度有利于提高电池性能.甲醇流速和空气流速对电池性能的影响较小,阴极加湿温度对电池性能几乎没有影响.通过分析优化,该直接甲醇燃料电池的电池性能最佳工作条件是在80℃情况下,低电流密度工作区采用较低浓度甲醇溶液,高电流密度工作区采用高浓度甲醇溶液.     

基于虚拟仪器的燃料电池电压检测监控系统

为了保证燃料电池的正常工作,必需对燃料电池电堆的每节单体电池的工作电压予以实时监测.为此以虚拟仪器编程软件LabVIEW 8.5为开发平台设计了燃料电池电压检测系统的上位机监控系统软件,上位机监控系统通过接收来自下位机测量到的燃料电池的电压,能够很直观地以波形图表、波形图和表格的直观形式将燃料电池的工作电压展现给用户,而且还可以根据用户需要以文本文件的形式定时地保存电池的电压参数,以便用户查询并分析电池的历史.通过对一个直接甲醇燃料电池电堆的实验测试,结果表明本系统能够有效的完成对燃料电池电压的实时采集、显示和保存.     

CYP2E1-RsaⅠ、GSTT1基因多态性与胰腺癌遗传易感性的病例对照研究

目的 探讨吸烟和细胞色素P4502El-RsaⅠ(CYP2E1-RsaⅠ)、谷胱甘肽硫转移酶T1(GSTT1)基因多态性与胰腺癌发病之间的关系.方法 采用病例-对照研究的方法,以150例胰腺癌患者及150例非癌对照者的外周血白细胞为样本,利用聚合酶链反应(polymerase chain reaction,PCR)技术分析了Ⅰ相代谢酶CYP2E1-RsaⅠ和Ⅱ相代谢酶GSTT1基因多态性.结果 CYP2E1-RsaⅠ野生纯合型(c1/c1)和GSTT1基因缺陷型频率分布分别为38.7%、69.3%(病例组)和20.7%、44.7%(对照组),二者经χ2检验差异有显著性(χ~2=15.75,P<0.01;χ~2=18.62,P<0.01).c1/c1基因型者患胰腺癌的风险显著增加(OR=3.19,95% CI=2.53～4.26).GSTT1(-)者患胰腺癌的风险也显著增加(OR=2.85,95% CI=1.92～4.64).基因突变的协同分析发现CYP2E1-RsaⅠ(c1/c1)/GSTT1(-)在胰腺癌组和对照组中的分布频率分别为30.7%和6.7%,二者经χ2检验有显著性差异(χ~2=42.39,P<0.01).CYP2E1-RsaⅠ(c1/c1)/GSTT1(-)患胰腺癌的风险显著增加(OR=16.63,95% CI= 8.94～22.01).病例组的吸烟率显著高于对照组的吸烟率(OR=2.74,95% CI=1.32～4.58,P<0.01),CYP 2E1-RsaⅠ(c1/c1)及GSTT1(-)与吸烟有协同作用(OR=8.84,95% CI=5.51～11.62;OR=20.40,95% CI=4.98～29.53).结论 CYP2E1-RsaⅠ(c1/c1)和GSTT1(-)是胰腺癌的易患因素,二者对胰腺的发生有协同作用,吸烟与胰腺的易感性也有关,CYP2E1-RsaⅠ(c1/c1)、GSTT1(-)与吸烟在胰腺癌的发生上也有相互促进作用.     

乳腺癌癌旁组织中PCNA、c-erbB-2、p53、ER、PR基因的表达

目的 通过检测乳腺癌癌旁组织中增殖细胞核抗原(proliferating cell nuclear antigen, PCNA)、C-erbB-2、p53、雌激素受体(estrogen receptor, ER)﹑孕激素受体(progesterone receptor, PR)蛋白的表达,探讨适合中国女性保乳手术的安全切除范围.方法 收集40例乳腺癌根治术患者的切除标本,将每一标本分为癌肿区和癌旁区,癌旁区再划分为癌旁1cm、2cm、3cm及>3cm组.采用免疫组化SP法检测以上5组乳腺组织中非典型增生的发生率以及PCNA、c-erbB-2、p53、ER、PR蛋白表达的差异.结果 距离原发癌肿越远,癌旁组织发生非典型增生以及c-erbB-2、p53蛋白阳性的比例越低(P<0.05);癌旁1cm、2cm组高危因素(非典型增生以及c-erbB-2、p53)的比例明显高于3cm组(P<0.05),而癌旁1cm与2cm组间比较未见统计学差异(P>0.05);PCNA、ER、PR在癌旁组织中的表达与组织分化、淋巴结转移无明显关系(P>0.05).结论 在乳腺癌保乳手术中,推荐以癌旁2cm作为安全切除范围.     

粉防己碱诱导宫颈癌细胞凋亡的定性定量研究

目的 从定性定量角度探讨粉防己碱诱导宫颈癌HeLa细胞凋亡的作用.方法 采用MTT法检测不同浓度粉防己碱作用不同时间对人宫颈癌HeLa细胞株的增殖抑制作用.通过流式细胞仪和激光共聚焦显微镜检测细胞凋亡情况.结果 粉防己碱对宫颈癌HeLa细胞具有增殖抑制作用,且呈时间、浓度依赖性.应用流式细胞仪检测到15μmol/L粉防己碱诱导HeLa细胞产生的凋亡率为(51.8±0.97)%,显著高于对照组凋亡率(24.3±1.23)%(P<0.05).通过激光共聚焦显微镜观察,与对照组比较,粉防己碱作用后HeLa细胞具有明显的凋亡形态.结论 粉防己碱能够抑制HeLa细胞的增殖并诱导其凋亡.     

国内直肠癌术后吻合口瘘危险因素的Meta分析

目的 探讨国内直肠癌术后吻合口瘘的危险因素.方法 运用 Meta分析方法对我国1999年1月至2009年1月公开发表的有关国内直肠癌术后吻合口瘘危险因素的19篇文献资料进行综合分析.结果 年龄≥60岁的直肠癌患者吻合口瘘的发生率高于<60岁者,合并OR值为0.50(95% CI:0.33～0.76,P<0.01);男性直肠癌患者吻合口瘘的发生率高于女性,合并OR值为2.17(95% CI:1.38～3.42,P<0.01);肿瘤下缘距肛缘距离≤7cm的直肠癌患者吻合口瘘的发生率高于距离>7cm者,合并OR值为1.79(95% CI:1.37～2.35,P<0.01);术前接受新辅助放疗的直肠癌患者吻合口瘘的发生率高于未进行新辅助放疗者,合并OR值为3.66(95% CI:2.19～6.09,P<0.01);吻合器吻合的直肠癌患者吻合口瘘发生率低于手工吻合者,但不具有统计学意义(P>0.05),合并OR值为0.70(95% CI:0.47～1.05);术前患有糖尿病的直肠癌患者吻合口瘘发生率低于无糖尿病者,合并OR值为3.16(95% CI:2.27～4.39,P<0.01);Dukes分期A、B期的直肠癌患者吻合口瘘发生率低于C、D期患者,合并OR值为0.61(95% CI:0.45～0.83,P<0.01);恶性度低的直肠癌患者吻合口瘘发生率低于恶性度高者,合并OR值为2.15(95% CI:1.47～3.15,P<0.01);预防性造瘘的直肠癌患者吻合口瘘发生率低于未进行造瘘者,但不具有统计学意义(P>0.05),合并OR值为0.39(95% CI:0.14～1.05);急诊手术的直肠癌患者吻合口瘘发生率高于择期手术者,合并OR值为0.27(95% CI:0.13～0.56,P<0.01).结论 年龄≥60岁、男性、糖尿病、术前新辅助放疗、肿瘤下缘距肛缘距离<7cm、Dukes分期C、D期、肿瘤恶性程度高及急诊手术是直肠癌术后吻合口瘘发生的危险因素.     

Identification and culture of neural stem cells isolated from adult rat subventricular zone following fluid percussion brain injury

Objective To analyze proliferation and differentiation of glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP)- and nestin-positive (GFAP+/nestin+) cells isolated from the subventricular zone following fluid percussion brain injury to determine whether GFAP+/nestin+ cells exhibit characteristics of neural stem cells. Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats, aged 12 weeks and weighing 200-250 g, were randomly and evenly assigned to normal control group and model group. In the model group, a rat model of fluid percussion brain injury was established. Five days later, subventricular zone tissue was resected from each group and made into single cell suspension. After serum-free neural stem cell medium culture and subsequent serum-induced differentiation, cell type, proliferation and differentiation capacities were determined by immunofluorescence staining and flow cytometry. Results At 3-7 days after fluid percussion brain injury, nestin+/GFAP+ cells in the single cell suspension from the model group significantly outnumbered those from the normal control group (P<0.01). In the model group, an increased number of small neurospheres with smooth cell edge and bulged center formed after primary culture, and were clearly visible with the increase of culture time and medium replacement. After several passages, many clonal spheres were obtained, suggesting strong self-proliferatiing capacity. Neurospheres from the model group differentiated into astrocytes, neurons and oligodendrocytes. Conclusion GFAP+/nestin+ cells isolated from the adult rat subventricular zone after fluid percussion brain injury are thought to be neural stem cells because of their self-renewal and multi-differentiation capacities.     

Oleanolic acid-induced apoptosis and its relation with intracellular calcium in human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells

Objective To investigate the effect of oleanolic acid (OA) on apoptosis, correlation between apoptosis and intracellular calcium, and its mechanism in human lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549. Methods Human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells were incubated in vitro and assigned with OA concentrations of 0, 10, 20 and 40μg/mL. The apoptosis status of A549 cell line was detected with Annexin V-FITC/PI by flow cytometry (FCM); fluorescence intensity (FI) of A549 cells was assessed and the level of intracellular calcium was calculated at 24 hour of OA intervention. The relation between apoptosis and calcium FI was illustrated by curve fitting. Results FCM showed that 10, 20 and 40μg/mL of OA could induce A549 cell apoptosis, which followed a concentration-effect pattern; 24-hour intervention with 20μg/mL and 40μg/mL OA showed increased A549 cell apoptosis, and was significantly different from that with 0μg/mL OA (P<0.01). The FI of intracellular calcium concentration in 10, 20 and 40μg/mL OA groups was significantly higher than that in 0μg/mL group after 24 hours' intervention, and the FI showed a trend of increase with increased OA concentration (P<0.01). Curve fitting showed a significant correlation between apoptosis rate and intracellular calcium concentration in A549 cells (r=0.981, P<0.01). Regression equation was Y=0.508X-1.627. Conclusion OA plays a role in inducing apoptosis of human lung adenocarcinoma cells in a concentration-dependent manner. The OA-induced apoptosis is responsible for intracellular calcium overload of the tumor.     

SWB6129FC燃料电池电动客车总体设计

简要介绍SWB6129FC燃料电池电动客车的造型、技术参数、整车配置等设计方案,提出燃料电池客车在电安全和氢安全方面的控制策略.