基于细胞图像局部分布特性的粘连分割技术研究

在医用显微图像中,针对重叠和粘连在一起的细胞图像,根据其局部分布特性,在距离变换的基础上提出了一种新的基于图像局部像素分布的分割方法。实验结果表明,该方法简单易行,鲁棒性强,具有较好的分割效果。     

Influence of baicalin on the expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand and osteoprotegerin in human periodontal ligament cells

Objective To study the effect of baicalin on the expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) in cultured human periodontal ligament (HPDL) cells. Methods Small interfering RNA (siRNA) eukaryotic expression vector targeted transforming growth factor βⅡ receptor (TGF-β RⅡ) was constructed and transfected into T cells. HPDL cells with T cells transfected with siRNA or not were placed in the culture medium that had been added with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and baicalin. The obtained solution was divided into six groups according to the components (group Ⅰ: HPDL cells+LPS+T cells transfected with siRNA1+baicalin;group Ⅱ: HPDL cells+LPS+T cells transfected with siRNA1; group Ⅲ: HPDL cells+LPS+T cells+baicalin; group Ⅳ: HPDL cells+LPS+T cells; group Ⅴ: HPDL cells+baicalin; group Ⅵ: HPDL cells) and was cultured for 48 hours. RT-PCR was used to observe the effect of baicalin on the expression of OPG-RANKL in HPDL cells. Results The ratio of RANKL/OPG in group Ⅰ was lower than that in group Ⅱ (P<0.01) and higher than that in group Ⅲ (P<0.01); The ratio of RANKL/OPG in gronp Ⅲ was lower than that in group Ⅳ (P<0.01); the ratio of RANKL/ OPG in group Ⅳ was higher than that in group Ⅵ (P<0.01); the ratio of RANKL/OPG in group Ⅴ was lower than TGF-β signaling transduction plays an important role in the effect of baicalin on the RANKL/OPG ratio in HPDL cells.     

Nonlinear Predictive Control for PEMFC Stack Operation Temperature

Operating temperature of proton exchange membrane fuel ceil stack should be controlled within a special range. The input-output data and operating experiences were used to establish a PEMFC stack model and operating temperature control system. A nonlinear predictive control algorithm based on fuzzy model was presented for a family of complex system with severe nonlinearity such as PEMFC. Based on the obtained fuzzy model, a discrete optimization of the control action was carried out according to the principle of Branch and Bound method. The test results demonstrate the effectiveness and advantage of this approach.     

胚胎干细胞研究能否得到伦理辩护

胚胎干细胞研究是当前生命伦理学争论最激烈、最突出的一个领域,主要围绕两个问题而展开：（1）如何看待胚胎,胚胎干细胞研究是否毁灭生命;（2）治疗性克隆是否必然滑向生殖性克隆。本文认为,不能简单地把胚胎干细胞研究等同于毁灭生命;治疗性克隆并不必然滑向生殖性克隆。胚胎干细胞研究是一项值得支持的人道主义事业,应能得到伦理辩护。但必须严格伦理规范和伦理程序,这是支持胚胎干细胞研究的一个极为必要且十分重要的条件。     

锂-二氧化锰一次电池的发展现状

本文概述了锂-二氧化锰电池性能特点、研究进展,介绍了锂-二氧化锰电池在民用和军事方面的应用,以及未来对二氧化锰电池的需求,发展方向。     

当代海军AIP技术发展动态

本文通过全球海军AIP技术发展的枚举,拟反映出依托技术进步的AIP艇装备在计划实施过程中所呈现出的动态性。     

基于热平衡法的方壳电池电芯温度预测模型

据不完全统计,电动汽车大多在充电过程中发生自燃,如何在热失控前通过温度进行预警显得尤为重要。针对方形锂离子电池,构建了适用于嵌入式应用的电芯温度预测模型。通过试验精准测量电池各项热物性参数,对电池表面和电池卷芯分别进行热平衡分析,建立不同的能量守恒方程,对电池进行网格划分,进一步构建电池三维温度预测模型。仿真结果表明,热平衡模型不仅能够预测出电池每一部分的温度,而且预测的电芯温度误差不超过0.35℃,对快充条件下的电池温度预测有重要意义。     

燃料电池重型货车整车开发主要矛盾辨析与应对研究

在我国,中重型货车是温室气体及污染物排放的主要贡献者,加快以柴油为主的中重型货车向电动化转型十分迫切,纯电动与燃料电池是当下最受重视的两条技术路线。纯电动路线在十多年的中短途运输和公共领域中的发展被证明是成功的;燃料电池路线在能量补给、能量密度等方面的优势比纯电动路线更适宜于长途重型货车的应用,目前正处于迅猛发展阶段。然而,以柴油牵引汽车为例,车辆可通过采用大油箱轻松达到3 000 km的续驶里程,而当前的燃料电池牵引汽车的续驶里程正努力向500 km迈进,远不能与柴油汽车相比较。鉴于此,基于客户需求视角考虑,当下燃料电池重型货车整车开发的主要矛盾,是过低的车载储氢量带来的续驶里程过低问题,这主要是由氢过低的体积存储密度决定的。提高燃料电池堆和燃料电池系统的能量转化效率虽然有助于提升续驶里程,但其前提是关键材料的技术突破。在当前整车开发中,最大限度地提升车载储氢量,降低辅助系统能耗,提高机械传动与电力电子系统效率,降低车辆行驶消耗更具有现实意义和可操作性。重点介绍在提升车载储氢量和降低车辆空气阻力系数方面的措施,以及对提升续驶里程的影响。按照《节能与新能源汽车技术路线图2.0》的愿景,...     

Hydrogen refueling station networks for heavy-duty vehicles in future power systems

A potential solution to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the transport sector is to use alternatively fueled vehicles (AFV). Heavy-duty vehicles (HDV) emit a large share of GHG emissions in the transport sector and are therefore the subject of growing attention from global regulators. Fuel cell and green hydrogen technologies are a promising option to decarbonize HDVs, as their fast refueling and long vehicle ranges are consistent with current logistic operational requirements. Moreover, the application of green hydrogen in transport could enable more effective integration of renewable energies (RE) across different energy sectors. This paper explores the interplay between HDV Hydrogen Refueling Stations (HRS) that produce hydrogen locally and the power system by combining an infrastructure location planning model and an electricity system optimization model that takes grid expansion options into account. Two scenarios – one sizing refueling stations to support the power system and one sizing them independently of it – are assessed regarding their impacts on the total annual electricity system costs, regional RE integration and the levelized cost of hydrogen (LCOH). The impacts are calculated based on locational marginal pricing for 2050. Depending on the integration scenario, we find average LCOH of between 4.83 euro/kg and 5.36 euro/kg, for which nodal electricity prices are the main determining factor as well as a strong difference in LCOH between north and south Germany. Adding HDV-HRS incurs power transmission expansion as well as higher power supply costs as the total power demand increases. From a system perspective, investing in HDV-HRS in symbiosis with the power system rather than independently promises cost savings of around seven billion euros per annum. We therefore conclude that the co-optimization of multiple energy sectors is important for investment planning and has the potential to exploit synergies.     

基于热管理的甲醇燃料电池增程器布置分析

由于纯电动汽车动力蓄电池储能有限,所以,燃料电池以高效率、无污染、高可靠性的特点成为电动汽车增程器的研究热点。文章以市场上某款纯电动汽车为研究对象,将甲醇燃料电池增程器布置在车辆前舱内,对不同车速下燃料电池增程器三维模型的温度场分布进行仿真。仿真结果表明:车辆静止时,甲醇燃料电池以额定功率工作会影响前舱部件正常工作,当车辆以超过30 km/h的速度行驶,可以忽略燃料电池增程器对前舱部件的影响。试验结果验证了仿真结果的准确性,对于实车燃料电池增程器的布置和控制策略的制定具有一定的参考价值。