车用球轴承涡轮增压器临界转速分析

阐述了增压器轴承—转子系统临界转速的计算分析方法,以某车用球轴承涡轮增压器为例,分别采用Riccati传递矩阵法和DyRoBeS有限元法计算了临界转速,并进行了试验验证。由两种计算方法所得到的1阶和2阶临界转速值与试验值比较,1阶相差5.59%与1.42%,2阶相差2.53%与8.40%。同时,计算分析了轴承刚度、轴承结构尺寸、涡轮材质等参数对增压器临界转速的影响,得到了相关曲线。     

Designing H∞/GH 2 static-output feedback controller for vehicle suspensions using linear matrix inequalities and genetic algorithms

This paper presents an approach to design the H_∞/GH ₂ static-output feedback controller for vehicle suspensions by using linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) and genetic algorithms (GAs). Three main performance requirements for an advanced vehicle suspension are considered in this paper. Among these requirements, the ride-comfort performance is optimized by minimizing the H_∞ norm of the transfer function from the road disturbance to the sprung mass acceleration, while the road-holding performance and the suspension deflection limitation are guaranteed by constraining the generalized H₂ (GH ₂) norms of the transfer functions from the road disturbance to the dynamic tyre load and the suspension deflection to be less than their hard limits, respectively. At the same time, the controller saturation problem is considered by constraining its peak response output to be less than a given limit using the GH ₂ norm as well. A four-degree-of-freedom half-car model with active suspension system is applied in this paper. Several kinds of H_∞/GH ₂ static-output feedback controllers, which use the available sprung mass velocities or the suspension deflections as feedback signals, are obtained by using the GAs to search for the possible control gain matrices and then resolving the LMIs together with the minimization optimization problem. These designed H_∞/GH ₂ static-output feedback controllers are validated by numerical simulations on both the bump and the random road responses which show that the designed H_∞/GH ₂ static-output feedback controllers can achieve similar or even better active suspension performances compared with the state-feedback control case in spite of their simplicities.     

无人机对地面目标定位的一种实现算法

无人机使用 WGS‐84坐标系对地面目标进行定位,为解决无人机坐标系与大地坐标系之间的换算问题,需要将 WGS‐84坐标系换算为 BJ‐54大地坐标系,论文阐述了无人机对地面目标的定位过程,并详细介绍了目标从无人机坐标系到大地坐标系的坐标变换,实现了无人机对地面目标的坐标解算。     

舰载发射装置传递矩阵的建立

舰载火箭武器是我国近海作战的主要武器之一,作为鱼雷反潜盲区的补充,如何提高舰载火箭弹的射击效率对于提高部队战斗力具有重要的意义。舰载火箭发射系统是多刚柔体耦合系统。通过多体系统矩阵传递法,求出系统中每一个组成构件的传递方程,并通过传递矩阵的传递性质最终确定系统的传递总方程,为下一步求系统的动力响应提供理论基础。     

厦漳跨海大桥北汊主桥合理成桥状态研究

为研究斜拉桥合理成桥状态的计算方法,以厦漳跨海大桥北汊主桥为背景,采用大型有限元软件TDV RM2006建立全桥有限元模型,通过优化结构成桥索力使主梁和桥塔达到设计期望的状态,用最小弯曲能量法初定近似合理的成桥状态,以该状态下的部分斜拉索索力和主梁弯矩作为目标向量,通过影响矩阵法求解所有斜拉索初张力,通过微调局部斜拉索的初张力修正几何非线性对静力优化结果的不利影响,最终确定北汊主桥的合理成桥状态.实践证明,最小弯曲能量法和影响矩阵法能很好地弥补相互间的局限性,能在较短的时间里确定斜拉桥的理想成桥状态.     

弱矩阵项目管理考核机制的探讨

本文通过描述海洋工程施工领域的弱矩阵项目管理特点,重点论述当前项目管理所面临的项目考核激励机制所面临的难题,结合国内海洋工程建造企业的实际情况,就如何建立与海洋工程项目相适应的现代管理模式、方法和体系,重点对项目考核机制进行研究探讨,进而为如何建立适合弱矩阵项目管理的考核机制提供参考。     

疲劳载荷随机应力功率谱优化设计

针对高加速寿命试验中的随机振动环境应力,以频谱不规则因子为目标,优化设计出一种能高效激发试件疲劳缺陷的随机应力载荷功率谱。首先通过分析频谱不规则因子对载荷应力疲劳激发效能的影响,确定频谱不规则因子的优化方向。然后通过变换将该优化等价成为一个二次规划问题,但是该二次规划的系数矩阵非定,算法不能收敛。于是利用泛函理论中的有限维空间的泛数等价理论和关于谱半径的Perron-Frobenius定理,推导得到一种较优的随机应力功率谱,优化结果与工程实际经验相符。该分析方法可为工程中类似的泛函极值和优化问题提供借鉴。     

An innovative method for the analysis of vehicle movements in roundabouts based on image processing

The objective of this paper is to propose a method, based on the image processing of field survey data, to analyze vehicles movements into roundabouts. This research study consisted of three stages: a field survey to collect vehicular flow images captured by video cameras, the processing of these images using a proprietary software (VeTRA—Vehicle Tracking for Roundabout Analysis), and finally, the analysis of the collected data. The main feature of the software is that it allows the automatic computation of the main variables necessary to rank and evaluate a generic roundabout: the entry/exit (E/E) matrix with classification of vehicles (e.g., heavy, light, and motorbikes), vehicle trajectories, and vehicular speed diagrams along the paths inside the roundabout. The processing system is robust enough to withstand classic problems affecting image processing such as variable wind conditions, cloud cover, shadows, and obstructions. Calibration and error evaluation have been deduced from data collected by a high precision Real Time Kinematic GPS video recording system mounted on a probe vehicle. Data of E/E matrices generated by VeTRA are compared with those manually counted on the corresponding video images. A case study of an existing roundabout is featured in the paper. The results indicate that the software has a high capability of generating the E/E matrix. The analysis of vehicular trajectories with both the plot of curvature diagrams and the corresponding speed diagrams enable the evaluation of driver behavior relative to the geometric shape of the roundabout. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A new fuzzy approach to estimate the O–D matrix from link volumes

Abstract

Estimation of the origin–destination (O–D) trip demand matrix plays a key role in travel analysis and transportation planning and operations. Many researchers have developed different O–D matrix estimation methods using traffic counts, which allow simple data collection as opposed to the costly traditional direct estimation methods based on home and roadside interviews.

In this paper, we present a new fuzzy model to estimate the O–D matrix from traffic counts. Since link data only represent a snapshot situation, resulting in inconsistency of data and poor quality of the estimated O–Ds, the proposed method considers the link data as a fuzzy number that varies within a certain bandwidth. Shafahi and Ramezani's fuzzy assignment method is improved upon and used to assign the estimated O–D matrix, which causes the assigned volumes to be fuzzy numbers similar to what is proposed for observed link counts. The shortest path algorithm of the proposed method is similar to the Floyd–Warshall algorithm, and we call it the Fuzzy Floyd–Warshall Algorithm. A new fuzzy comparing index is proposed by improving the fuzzy comparison method developed by Dubois and Prade to estimate and compare the distance between the assigned and observed link volumes. The O–D estimation model is formulated as a convex minimization problem based on the proposed fuzzy index to minimize the fuzzy distance between the observed and assigned link volumes. A gradient-based method is used to solve the problem. To ensure the original O–D matrix does not change more than necessary during the iterations, a fuzzy rule-based approach is proposed to control the matrix changes.     

Freight Data Assembling and Modeling: Methodologies and Practice

Abstract

In comparison to personal travel, freight movements within large metropolitan areas are much less studied. Most conventional transportation models and planning analysis that disregarded freight flows have been criticized on the plausibility of their results and conclusions. To alleviate these problems, this study proposes a non-survey based approach to assemble and process freight data in a systematic way. A freight origin–destination (OD) matrix of freight flows can be developed using secondary data sources. The estimated freight flows can be loaded together with conventional passenger flows onto the regional highway network of a large metropolitan area. As a case study, this non-survey based approach was applied to build a freight OD and study the traffic flows in Los Angeles. It concluded that this approach can be used to analyze urban freight movement in a low-cost way in which planning agencies can overcome the common omission of freight flow information in their transportation plans.