治理公路超载超限运输的长效机制和对策研究

为建立治理超载超限运输的长效机制,首先建立了运输企业收入的计量模型,分析了企业利润与运输价格、运输成本、超载罚款等变量之间的互动关系及企业获得最大利润的条件。在此基础上,针对中国道路货运市场结构的特点,从理性经济人的角度,对运输企业在“惩罚博弈”下可能的行为选择进行了研究;其次结合美国治理超载超限运输的经验,分析了不同执法强度和执法密度组合的执法策略及其适用条件、执法效果等,对中国治理超载超限运输提出了解决方案和具体的政策建议,对中国治理超载超限运输具有指导意义。     

高速公路机电系统升级的趋势、现状和要点

中国高速公路的不断建设,对高速公路机电系统提出了更高的要求.介绍了机电系统现状,分析了其将来的发展趋势,并指出了升级的要点.     

工程机械管理及维护系统的设计与开发

从预防性维护的角度出发,提出了工程机械管理及维护系统的设计与开发思路.介绍了系统的设计原理,主要功能模块,工作流程和技术特点.系统集机械台帐管理、状态检测、维护保养、故障诊断、维修等模块于一体,适用于多数公路企业的机械管理工作,对提高公路企业的管理水平和工作效率具有重要的意义.     

Customizing driving cycles to support vehicle purchase and use decisions: Fuel economy estimation for alternative fuel vehicle users

Wider deployment of alternative fuel vehicles (AFVs) can help with increasing energy security and transitioning to clean vehicles. Ideally, adopters of AFVs are able to maintain the same level of mobility as users of conventional vehicles while reducing energy use and emissions. Greater knowledge of AFV benefits can support consumers’ vehicle purchase and use choices. The Environmental Protection Agency’s fuel economy ratings are a key source of potential benefits of using AFVs. However, the ratings are based on pre-designed and fixed driving cycles applied in laboratory conditions, neglecting the attributes of drivers and vehicle types. While the EPA ratings using pre-designed and fixed driving cycles may be unbiased they are not necessarily precise, owning to large variations in real-life driving. Thus, to better predict fuel economy for individual consumers targeting specific types of vehicles, it is important to find driving cycles that can better represent consumers’ real-world driving practices instead of using pre-designed standard driving cycles. This paper presents a methodology for customizing driving cycles to provide convincing fuel economy predictions that are based on drivers’ characteristics and contemporary real-world driving, along with validation efforts. The methodology takes into account current micro-driving practices in terms of maintaining speed, acceleration, braking, idling, etc., on trips. Specifically, using a large-scale driving data collected by in-vehicle Global Positioning System as part of a travel survey, a micro-trips (building block) library for California drivers is created using 54 million seconds of vehicle trajectories on more than 60,000 trips, made by 3000 drivers. To generate customized driving cycles, a new tool, known as Case Based System for Driving Cycle Design, is developed. These customized cycles can predict fuel economy more precisely for conventional vehicles vis-à-vis AFVs. This is based on a consumer’s similarity in terms of their own and geographical characteristics, with a sample of micro-trips from the case library. The AFV driving cycles, created from real-world driving data, show significant differences from conventional driving cycles currently in use. This further highlights the need to enhance current fuel economy estimations by using customized driving cycles, helping consumers make more informed vehicle purchase and use decisions.     

基于需求弹性的城市公交票价优化方法及实证分析

城市公交票价是公交系统健康发展的重要因素，票价制定需兼顾公交企业的市场性和公益性双重属性，在保证服务质量的同时，考虑运营成本和最大限度吸引公交需求，实现经济效益和社会效益的双赢.在本文中，根据用户均衡理论，构建了城市多方式交通出行的需求分析模型，采用灵敏度分析方法给出了城市公交价格-需求弹性的计算方法.在此基础上，充分考虑了各种方式的交通特征、公交需求弹性、公交运营成本及政府限价等因素，提出了城市公交票价优化的数学规划模型，并给出了求解算法.最后，以国内某城市居民出行调查及公交运营数据为基础，分析了不同条件下公交客运需求的变化规律及城市公交票价的优化策略.     

基于价值工程的全生命周期趸船材质方案比选研究

将趸船整个生命周期过程中的技术先进性、经济合理性和环境协调性有机地融合为一体,基于价值工程理论提出趸船材质方法比选。实例表明在千岛湖这样的大吨位船舶碰撞概率很小的水域,采用混凝土趸船明显优于钢质趸船。     

可监测性设计理论在船舶动力机械系统设计中的应用

船舶动力机械系统一旦出现故障直接威胁船舶安全,但是船舶服役后难以增加设备完善动力机械运行状态的监测。为此,提出了可监测性设计理论内涵,在常规船舶设计建造阶段考虑动力机械系统的可监测性,从而构建出可监测性设计理论在船舶动力机械系统设计中的工程应用框架。以远洋救助船动力机械系统为例,分析了可监测性设计理论在机械系统设计中的具体应用。实践证明,可监测性设计理论在船舶动力机械系统中的工程化实施增强了其可监测性,大大提高了自身状态监测和故障诊断能力水平,并且为船舶动力机械创新设计和机械系统的可再制造提供了保障和技术支撑。     

3200t风电安装船的机电系统设计

简述了3 200 t风电安装船的总体布置及主要功能,针对柴油机驱动的全回转舵桨的动力推进装置、自动化的电站系统、风电机组DP1(动力定位)安装定位系统、风电机组的浮式运输系统和船舶座底配套高压冲洗水系统方案进行介绍与分析,从而描绘出该船在机电系统设计方面的特点与亮点。     

钢筋砼空心截面抗滑桩的研究

笔者针对单根的抗滑桩,对空心截面和实心截面抗滑桩进行了力学性能的对比分析,对空心截面抗滑桩的钢筋用量进行了经济评价.并通过对桩-边坡的有限元模拟分析,得出空心截面抗滑桩不仅能满足抗滑结构要求,而且节省材料是一种较为经济的截面形式,为今后空心截面抗滑桩的设计提供一种新的思路.